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    Calculus II Seminar

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    Calculus II Seminar

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    ertc13m220110
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    Calculus II seminar

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    13 views14 pages

    Calculus II Seminar

    Uploaded by

    ertc13m220110

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    You are on page 1of 14

    Applications Of Integration:

    Finding Area And Volume

    Assist. Lecturer:
    Mis Lawin Dh. Hayder

    Prepared by students:
    1-Jala Saifaddin Hasan
    2-Zaitun Muhammad
    Sadiq
    3-Gazang Ali Assad
    4-Sarezh Masoud Othman
    Introduction:

    One very useful application of Integration is


    finding the area and volume of “curved” figures,
    that we couldn’t typically get without using
    Calculus. Since we already know that can use the
    integral to get the area between the x- and y-axis
    and a function, we can also get the volume of this
    figure by rotating the figure around either one of
    the axes.
    Area Between Curves
    Since we know how to get the area under a curve here in the Definite
    Integrals section, we can also get the area between two curves by subtracting
    the bottom curve from the top curve everywhere where the top curve is
    higher than the bottom curve. The cool thing about this is it even works if
    one of the curves is below the x-axis, as long as the higher curve always
    stays above the lower curve in the integration interval.

    Area of Region Between Two Curves:

    For functions f and g where f(x)≥g(x) for all x in [a,b], the area of the
    region bounded by the graphs and the vertical lines x=a and x=b is:

    Area=
    Example:
    Volumes of Solids by Cross
    Sections:
    Now that we know how to get areas under and between curves, we can use this
    method to get the volume of a three-dimensional solid, either with cross-sections
    or by rotating a curve around a given axis. Think about it; every day engineers are
    busy at work trying to figure out how much material they’ll need for certain
    pieces of metal, for example, and they are using calculus to figure this stuff out!
    Since integration is “in cross-section on”, we can just cross-section the interval of
    cross-section to get a volume. Thus, given the e cross-sectional area A(x) in the
    interval [a,b], and cross sections are perpendicular to the x-axis, the volume of this
    solid is :
    Volume =
    Why do you

    Squares
    Why do you

    Semicircle
    Why do you

    Equilateral
    Triangle
    Why do you

    Rectangles
    Volumes of Solids:
    The Disk Method
    Now let’s talk about getting a volume by revolving a function or curve
    around a given axis to obtain a solid of revolution.

    Since we know now how to get the area of a region using integration, we can
    get the volume of a solid by rotating the area around a line, which results in a
    right cylinder, or disk. (Remember that the formula for the volume of a
    cylinder is πr2⋅height). The radius is the distance from the axis of revolution
    to the function, and the “height” of each disk, or slice is “dx” or “dy”,
    depending on the orientation. Again, since integration is “infinite
    summation”, we can just integrate over the interval to get a volume. Note
    that volumes may be different, depending on which axis is used for rotation!
    Volumes of Solids:
    The Disk Method
    Volumes of Solids:
    The washer method is similar to the disk method, but it covers solids of
    The Washer Methodrevolution that have “holes”, where we have inner and outer functions, thus
    inner and outer radii.
    With washers, we have two revolving solids and we basically subtract the
    area of the inner solid from the area of the outer one. Note that for this to
    work, the middle function must be completely inside (or touching) the outer
    function over the integration interval.
    Volumes of Solids:
    The shell method for finding volume of a solid of revolution uses integration
    The Shell Methodalong an axis perpendicular to the axis of revolution instead of parallel, as
    we’ve seen with the disk and washer methods. The nice thing about the shell
    method is that you can integrate around the y-axis and not have to take the
    inverse of functions. Also, the rotational solid can have a hole in it (or not),
    so it’s a little more robust. It’s not intuitive though, since it deals with an
    infinite number of “surface areas” of rectangles in the shapes of cylinders
    (shells).
    THANK YOU

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