Review in Mendelian Genetics

REVIEW ON
MENDELIAN
GENETICS
PUNNETT SQUARE
was developed by
REGINALD PUNNETT.
It is a tool to predict
the probability of
certain traits in
offspring.
DESIGNER GENES
ALLELES- refers to
a different form of a
gene or a variation
of genes.
Example:
ALLELES ARE OF 2
TYPES
1. DOMINANT
ALLELE
- a trait that
covers or dominates
It is always the one
that you see, it is
the trait being
expressed or
observed.
(a stronger allele)
2.RECESSIVE ALLELE
- a trait that is
covered or hidden
by another trait.
REPRESENTING
ALLELES
Letters represent
alleles.
Upper case letters
represent
DOMINANT
REPRESENTING
ALLELES
Lower case
letters represent
RECESSIVE
ALLELES… (r)
MORE
TERMINOLOGY…
1) GENOTYPE
-an organisms genetic
make up (it represents
the genes)
-it is composed of
letter combinations
GENOTYPES ARE OF
2 TYPES
1. HOMOZYGOUS –
having 2 alleles with
the same
expression (RR, rr)
2.
HETEROZYGOUS –
having 2 alleles with
the different
expressions (Rr)
MORE
TERMINOLOGY…
2) PHENOTYPE
-an outward
appearance or
behavior of an
organism. (physical
MORE
TERMINOLOGY…
GAMETE- a mature
haploid male or female
germ cell that is able to
unite with another of the
opposite sex in sexual
reproduction to form a
In order to
understand how
genetics work, you
need to know that
you inherited half of
your DNA from your
father (from your
DNA came from
your mother (from
your mother’s egg
cell).
You therefore
inherited 1 allele
from your mother
1. LAW OF DOMINANCE
When parents with pure,

contrasting traits are
crossed together, only one
form of trait appears in
the next generation. The
hybrid offsprings will
exhibit only the dominant
trait in the phenotype.”
Law of dominance
explains that in a
monohybrid cross
G g
between a pair of
G
contrasting traits, only
one parental character
will be expressed in g
the F1 generation and
both parental
characters will be
expressed in the F2 COMPLETE THIS !
generation in the ratio
3:1.
2. LAW OF SEGREGATION
States that “during the
formation of gamete, each
gene separates from each
other so that each gamete
carries only one allele for
each gene.”
The Law of
Segregation asserts
that each character has
two alleles in each
organism, which
segregate (separate)
during meiosis such
that each gamete only
has one of the alleles.
This means that a
parent who has
two alleles for a
gene can only pass
on one allele or the
other to each
offspring.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
PUNNETT SQUARES:
These show 2
alleles of each
parent plant
crossed with each
other and the
KEY:
T = tall, t= short
TT = homozygous dominant tall

tt= homozygous recessive short
Tt= heterozygous dominant tall
Direction:
Using the Punnett Square, name the
offspring of all possible parent
combinations.
Identify genotypic and phenotypic

ratios of the combinations.
1. T Both parents
T
T are
dominant
tall, name
T the 4
possible
GENOTYPIC RATIO: ____
offspring.
PHENOTYPIC RATIO: ____
2. T Both parents
t are
T heterozygous
dominant,
t name the 4
possible
offspring
GENOTYPIC RATIO: ____and
the expected
ratio.
One parent is
3. T homozygous
dominant tall
TT and one is
heterozygous,
t name the 4
possible
offspring

Both parents
4. t are
tt homozygous
recessive
short, name
t the 4
possible
offspring.
PRACTICE PROBLEMS:
ACTIVITY 2. (GUIDED PRACTICE)
1. Divide the class into 3 groups
and distribute blank Worksheets for
students.
Each group will work on the
questions and construction of
Punnett squares to determine the
probability of traits in offspring
based on given parent genotypes.
2. Show your complete solution by
using a punnett square.
3. Present and explain your

answers.
BLANK WORKSHEET FOR GROUP 1
Problem Solving: Answer the following
questions.
1.What is the probability of a plant

having the genotype “RR” if its parents
have the genotypes “Rr” and “Rr” ?
BLANK WORKSHEET FOR STUDENTS
2. A pea plant with genotype “Tt” is

crossed with a plant with the genotype
“tt”. What is the probability of their
offspring having the genotype “Tt”?
BLANK WORKSHEET FOR STUDENTS
3. A couple has a child with the

genotype “Bb”. If the father has the
genotype “Bb” and the mother has the
genotype “bb”, what is the probability
of their next child having the genotype
“Bb”?
Short Answer Question: Answer the following.
1. A plant with the genotype “Rr”

(round) is crossed with a plant with the
genotype “rr” (wrinkled). What are the
possible genotypes and phenotypes of
their offspring?
2. A family has a genetic trait that is

determined by a single gene with two
alleles: “b” (dominant) and “b”
(recessive). The father has the genotype
“Bb” and the mother has the genotype
“bb”. What is the probability of their
child having the genotype “BB”?
Problem Solving.
1. A pea plant with the genotype “Tt” is
crossed with a plant with the genotype
“Tt”. What is the probability of their
offspring having the genotype “tt”?
2. A couple has a child with the

genotype “Bb”. If the father has the
genotype “Bb” and the mother has the
genotype “Bb”, what is the probability
of their nexr child having the genotype
“bb”?
ELABORATE
Perform Activity 2. Mendelian Genetics Worksheet
Task Description: (Independent Practice)
MENDELIAN GENETICS WORKSHEET
PRACTICE WITH CROSSES.
1. A homozygous round (“RR”) seeded plant is

crossed with a homozygous wrinkled (“rr”)
seeded plant.
What percentage of the offspring will also be
homozygous? Show your crosses.
2. In pea plants purple flowers (“PP”) are

dominant to white flowers (“pp”). If two white
flowered plants are crossed, what percentage of
their offspring will be white flowered?
3. A white flowered plant (“pp”) is crossed with

a plant that is heterozygous (“Pp”) for the trait.
What percentage of the offspring will have
purple flowers?
4. Show the cross for a pure breeding short

haired (“hh”) guinea pig and a long haired
(“HH”) guinea pig. What percentage of the
offspring will have short hair?
5. Show the cross for two heterozygous guinea

pigs (“Hh”) ? What percentage of the offspring
will have short hair?
What percentage of the offspring will have
long hair?
GENERALIZATIO
N
Discuss the importance of Mendelian
genetics in modern biology and its
application in the field such as
genetics, medicine and agriculture.
ALWAYS
REMEMBER:
PROBABILITY is
the chance of
something
happening.
Therefore,
probability is
equal to:
chance to
happen
total # of
This can be
written as:
1/4= 25%
chance
2/4= 50%chance
3/4= 75%

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REVIEW ON

When parents with pure,

TT = homozygous dominant tall

Identify genotypic and phenotypic

PHENOTYPIC RATIO: ____

3. Present and explain your

1.What is the probability of a plant

2. A pea plant with genotype “Tt” is

3. A couple has a child with the

1. A plant with the genotype “Rr”

2. A family has a genetic trait that is

2. A couple has a child with the

1. A homozygous round (“RR”) seeded plant is

2. In pea plants purple flowers (“PP”) are

3. A white flowered plant (“pp”) is crossed with

4. Show the cross for a pure breeding short

5. Show the cross for two heterozygous guinea

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