Prose and Poetry

PROSE AND
POETRY
Two Major Types of Literature
Literature
-is a Latin word “litera” which means letter

This is a body of literary productions, either
oral, written or visual containing imaginative
language that realistically portrays thoughts,
emotions and experiences of the human
condition.
Two Major Types of Literature
Prose
It is a literary piece which is written in the

pattern of ordinary spoken language and within
the common flow of conversation.
It is derived from the Latin word “prosa” which
means ‘straightforward’.
Divisions and Types of Prose
A. Fiction
It is a series of imagined facts which shows truths about human
life.
Examples are:
a. Short Story – brief, artistic form of prose which is centered on
a main incident
b. Novel – is a long narrative divided into chapters
The events may be taken from true-to-life stories and spans
for a long period of time. There are many characters
involved.
c. Plays – are presented on a stage, divided into acts and each
act has many scenes
d. Legends - are fictitious narratives, usually about origins. They
provide historical information regarding the culture and views
of particular group of people or country.
Examples: The Bikol Legend, Legend of Pineapple, Legend of
“Makahiya”
e. Folk tales -traditional narratives, usually anonymous, and
handed down orally
Example: The adventures of Juan
f. Fables (special type of folk tale)- are fictitious and deal with
animals and inanimate things that speak and act like people
Their purpose is to enlighten the minds of children to events that
can mold their ways and attitudes.
Examples: Aesop’s Fables -The Lion and the Mouse
g. Myths – are traditional sacred story, typically revolving around
the activities of gods and heroes, which aim to explain a
natural phenomenon or cultural practice
Examples:
The Story of Cupid and Psyche
The Fall of Troy
The Myth about Creation -Tagalog
h. Anecdotes - are merely products of the writer’s imagination

and the main aim is to bring out lessons to the reader.
Example: “The Moth and the Lamp” by Dr. Jose Rizal
B. Non - Fiction
These are literary works that are based mainly on facts rather than
on the imagination.
Examples are:
a. Essay - expresses the viewpoint or opinion of the writer about a
particular problem or event
The best examples are:

*The Editorial page of a newspaper.
*Of Studies – Francis Bacon
*On Doors – Christopher Morley
b. Biography - deals with the life of a person which may be about
himself, his autobiography or that of others.
Example: Cayetano Arellano – Socorro O. Albert
c. News - is a report of everyday events in society, government,
science and industry, accidents etc., happening nationally
or not
d. Oration - is a formal treatment of a subject and is intended to
be spoken in public
It appeals to the intellect, to the will or to the emotions of the
audience.
Example:
I Have A Dream – Martin Luther King
Poetry
It is an imaginative awareness of experience expressed through

meaning, sound, and rhythmic language choices as to evoke
emotional response.
It is a form of literature that uses aesthetic and rhythmic
qualities of language to evoke meaning.
Types of Poetry
A. Narrative Poetry - This form describes important events in

life either real or imaginary.
Examples:
a. Ballad – short and simple narrative poem composed to be
sung and is orally told from one generation to another
Example: Ballad of a Mother’s Heart Jose La Villa
Tierra
b. Metrical Romance – a long rambling love story in verse which
is centered around the adventures of knights and lords, and
their royal ladies during the age of chivalry
Example: “The Lady of Shallot” by Lord Alfred
Tennyson
c. Epic – a long, majestic narrative poem which tells the

adventures of a traditional hero and the development of a
nation.
Example: Beowulf
B. Lyric Poetry - this refers to the kind of poetry meant to be
sung to the accompaniment of a lyre
This applies to any type of poetry that expresses emotions and
feelings to the poet. They are usually short, simple and easy to
understand.
Examples are:
a. Simple Lyric – embraces a wide variety of poems and is
characterized by subjectivity, imagination, melody and
emotion
Example: ‘If I Could Tell You’ by: W. H. Auden,
b. Song – short lyric poem which has a specific melodious

quality and is intended to be sung
Example: Hymn to Earth the Mother of All
c. Sonnet – a poem expressing of 14 lines with a formal rhyme
dealing with an emotion, a feeling or an idea.
Example: “Sonnet 18” by: William Shakespeare
There are three types: Italian, Shakespearean and Petrarchan
d. Elegy – a poem expressing lament or grief for the dead.

Example: "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard“ by: Thomas Gray
e. Ode –is a poem of a noble feeling, expressed with dignity, with

no definite number of syllables or definite number of lines in
a stanza.
Example: "Ode on a Grecian Urn” by: John Keats
C. Dramatic Poetry - has the elements that are closely related to
drama because it is written in dramatic form or
makes use of a dramatic technique.
It includes:
a. Dramatic Monologue – a combination of drama and poetry
which presents the speech of a character in a particular
situation at a critical moment; an emotional piece of literature
which includes a story which is recited or sung.
b. Soliloquy – a speech that an actor gives while he or she is
alone onstage and allows for the audience to hear the
character’s innermost thoughts
c. Character Sketch – poem which the writer is concerned less with
complete or implied matters of a story, but rather with
arousing sympathy or antagonism for, or some interest in an
individual
Thank You!

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PROSE AND

-is a Latin word “litera” which means letter

It is a literary piece which is written in the

h. Anecdotes - are merely products of the writer’s imagination

The best examples are:

It is an imaginative awareness of experience expressed through

A. Narrative Poetry - This form describes important events in

c. Epic – a long, majestic narrative poem which tells the

b. Song – short lyric poem which has a specific melodious

d. Elegy – a poem expressing lament or grief for the dead.

e. Ode –is a poem of a noble feeling, expressed with dignity, with

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