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    CHAPTER 5A-Memory, Learning - Improving Concentration

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    CHAPTER 5A-Memory, Learning - Improving Concentration

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    Airas
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    CHAPTER 5A-Memory, Learning _ Improving Concentration

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    6 views10 pages

    CHAPTER 5A-Memory, Learning - Improving Concentration

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    Airas

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    UED 102

    STUDY SKILLS

    Content5: Memory, Learning & Improving


    Concentration
    • Understanding memory processes
    • Memory strategies
    TO PONDER
    Definition &Concept of Memory
    • WHAT IS MEMORY?
    • The ability to remember past experiences, and the power
    or process of recalling to mind previously learned facts,
    experiences, impressions, skills and habits.
    • “Having a good memory” involves both putting
    information into memory and getting it back out—both
    storage and retrieval
    TYPES OF MEMORY

    • Sensory Memory
    • If one PAY ATTENTION to
    the stimuli, it will go to the
    short-term memory (STM). If
    one does not pay attention,
    then the information will be
    lost
    TYPES OF MEMORY
    • Short-term Memory
    • has two components: immediate memory and
    working memory.
    • Immediate memory is the ability to remember a
    small amount of information over a few seconds.
    • Working memory is a system for temporarily
    storing and managing the information required to
    carry out complex cognitive tasks such as
    learning, reasoning, and comprehension.
    TYPES OF MEMORY

    • Long-term Memory
    • Unlimited & large storage.
    • Informative knowledge can be stored
    for long periods of time.
    • From STM, information moved to LTM and stored
    here for later use (retrieval). If the information is
    not being used for some time, forgetting may occur.
    Information processing model
    • Memory is complex and consists of various processes and
    stages.
    • To learn and remember, we must
    encode, store, and retrieve
    information.

    • STEP 1  ENCODING :
    interpreting information in a
    meaningful way.

    • STEP 2  STORAGE : working on


    information so that it can be
    placed into LTM.

    • STEP 3  RETRIEVE : getting


    information out of LTM.
    MEMORY STRATEGIES
    • HOW FORGETTING COULD OCCUR?

    1. Did not pay attention to the information


    2. Did not understand the information
    3. Cramming (last minute study)
    4. Did not have good strategies
    5. Interference (having 2 exams on the same day especially if the subjects are
    closely related for example psychology and counselling)
    6. Test anxiety (negative thoughts about oneself, did not prepare well for the test)
    HOW TO IMPROVE YOUR
    MEMORY?
    1. Massed practice vs spaced practice
    2. Break reading material down (again no cramming) for some period of time.
    3. Rehearsal– repeat the information many times.
    4. Elaboration strategies :
    •Associations
    •Acronyms / catchwords
    •Acrostics / catchphrase
    •Imagery – visualize the image of the information needed
    •Organizational strategies
    •Comprehension monitoring strategies

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