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    How Layers of Rocks Are Formed - 093954

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    How Layers of Rocks Are Formed - 093954

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    sanchezwinwyn
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    HOW LAYERS OF ROCKS ARE FORMED_093954

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    12 views13 pages

    How Layers of Rocks Are Formed - 093954

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    sanchezwinwyn

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    HOW LAYERS OF ROCKS ARE

    FORMED
    PRESENTED BY: EDILBERTO JAMER
    & IYN CORRE
    Sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks are
    the three basic types of rocks. Physical changes,
    such as melting, cooling, eroding, compacting, or
    deforming, are responsible for the formation of each
    of these rocks that are part of the rock cycle
    The rock cycle is a concept that describes how
    the three fundamental rock types are related
    and how earth's activities convert a rock from
    one kind to another over geologic time. The
    continual recycling of rocks is due to plate
    tectonic action, as well as weathering and
    erosional processes.
    Igneous rocks are formed by melting, cooling, and
    crystallization of other rocks and are results of
    volcanic activity, hot spots, and melting that occurs
    in the mantle. Sedimentary rocks are formed by
    weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and
    cementation of other rocks that are mostly found
    in areas where water, wind, or gravity deposit
    sediments. Metamorphism is the process through
    which existing rock transforms into new types of
    rock, resulting in metamorphic rocks
    PROCESSIN THE FORMATION OF
    SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
    • Most of the rocks exposed at the surface of
    earth are sedimentary which is formed from
    particles of older rocks that have been broken
    apart by water or wind. The gravel, sand, and
    mud settle to the bottom in rivers, lakes, and
    oceans. These sedimentary particles may bury
    living and dead animals and plants on the lake
    or sea bottom.
    • Sedimentary rocks are those rocks formed
    from sediment- material consisting of sand,
    gravel, mud, ions in solution derived from pre-
    existing rocks or organic debris derived from
    living organisms.
    • With the passage of time and the
    accumulation of more particles, and often
    with chemical changes, the sediments at the
    bottom of the pile become rock. Gravel
    becomes a rock called conglomerate, sand
    becomes sandstone, mud becomes mudstone
    or shale, and the animal skeletons and plant
    pieces can become fossils.
    • Stratification is the process leading to the
    formation or deposition of layers, especially of
    the sedimentary rocks. The layers range from
    several millimeters to many meters in
    thickness and vary greatly in shape. Strata may
    range from thin sheets that cover many
    square kilometers to thick lens like bodies that
    extend only a few meters.
    • Referring on Figure 3, you may recognize this
    as sedimentary rock. It is a rock that is formed
    by layers of sediment being laid down over the
    course of time. These sediment layers create
    the banding pattern visible in stratified rock.
    The sediments themselves also teach us about
    the environment in which the rock is formed.
    • Law of Superposition is a basic law of
    geochronology, stating that in any undisturbed
    sequence of rocks deposited in layers, the
    youngest layer is on top and the oldest on
    bottom, each layer being younger than the
    one beneath it and older than the one above
    it. Because at any one location, it indicates the
    relative ages of rock layers and the fossils in
    them
    • Law of Original Horizontality was first
    proposed by Danish geological pioneer
    Nicholas Steno in the 17th century. The law
    states that layers of sediment were originally
    deposited horizontally under the action of
    gravity. It suggests that all rock layers are
    originally laid down (deposited) horizontally
    and can later be deformed. This allows us to
    infer that something must have happened to
    the rocks to make them tilted. This includes
    mountain building events, earthquakes, and
    faulting.
    • The Law of Lateral Continuity states that the
    layers of rock are continuous until they
    encounter other solid bodies that block their
    deposition or until they are acted upon by
    agents that appear after deposition takes
    place such as erosion and fault movements.

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