Mouse Programming
With “C” or “C++”
Fundamental knowledge:-
Mouse programming is developed by
Dr.Peter
Grogono in the early 1980`s.
Each device has a unique port which
has a hexadecimal value and value is
designed to be machine independent .
Mouse has port attached to it 0X33 .
We also make use of address registers.
These are basically Union of type REGS
defined in dos.h .
Just remember we use two register to
communicate to a device driver using
AX Register:-
•We can access various mouse
functions using different values
of AX input Register and passing
those values to mouse port using
a interrupt .
•The Functions are listed below
- Here AX, BX, CX and DX are
members of Union REGS .
Function Returns
Input Performed
AX=0 Get Mouse Output AX Value = FFFFh if mouse support
is available.
Status Output AX Value = 0 if mouse support is not
available.
AX=1 Show Nothing
Mouse
Pointer
AX=2 Hide Mouse Nothing
Pointer
AX=3 Mouse CX = Mouse X Coordinate
Position DX = Mouse Y Coordinate
AX=3 Mouse BX = 0 No Key Is Pressed ,BX = 1 Left Button is
Button Pressed, BX = 2 Right Button is Pressed ,BX = 3
Press Centre Button is Pressed
Ax =7 Set Nothing
Horizontal
Limit
Ax =8 Set Vertical Nothing
Limit
DETECT MOUSE
• Before starting mouse programming we
should always check whether the mouse
programming is supported or not.
• If some how mouse fails to initialize we
should always make sure that our
program terminates.
• To do mouse programming we should
include file ie <dos.h>.
DETECT MOUSE :-
#include <dos.h> //Header file for mouse
detecting
union REGS in, out; //REGS is union
void detectmouse ( ) //function for mouse
detection
{
in.x.ax = 0;
int86 (0X33,&in,&out); //invoke interrupt
if (out.x.ax == 0)
cout<<"\nMouse Fail To Initialize";
else
cout<<"\nMouse Succesfully Initialize";
}
void main ( )
{
detectmouse (); //function calling
getch ();
}
Showing Mouse:-
Now first we show mouse on screen .
Mouse works both in text mode and graphic
mode.
In text mode it looks like a square while in
graphics mode it looks like a pointer.
Here is a screen shot for Text Mode &
Graphics Mode.
Showing Mouse Pointer text
mode :-
#include <dos.h>
union REGS in, out;
void detectmouse ()
{
in.x.ax = 0;
int86 (0X33,&in,&out);
if (out.x.ax == 0)
cout<<"\nMouse Fail To Initialize";
else
cout<<"\nMouse Succesfully Initialize";
}
void showmousetext ()
{
in.x.ax = 1; //Input
int86 (0X33,&in,&out); //Invoke intrrupt
}
void main ()
{
detectmouse ();
showmouse ();
getch ();
}
Showing Mouse in Graphics mode:-
#include <dos.h>
union REGS in, out;
void detectmouse ()
{
in.x.ax = 0;
int86 (0X33,&in,&out);
if (out.x.ax == 0)
cout<<"\nMouse Fail To Initialize";
else
cout<<"\nMouse Succesfully Initialize";
}
void showmousegraphic ()
{
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode;
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "c:\\tc\\bgi");
in.x.ax = 1; //Input
int86 (0X33,&in,&out); //Invoke intrrupt
}
void main ()
{
detectmouse ();
showmousegraphic ();
getch ();
}
Mouse Hiding :-
void hidemouse ( )
{
in.x.ax = 2;
int86 (0X33,&in,&out);
}
Detect Mouse Key:-
void detect ()
{
while ( !kbhit () )
{
in.x.ax = 3;
int86 (0X33,&in,&out);
if (out.x.bx == 1)
cout<<"Left";
if (out.x.bx == 2)
cout<<"Right";
delay (200); /* Otherwise due to quick computer response
100s of words will get print */
}
}
Detecting coordinate :-
void detect ()
{
while (!kbhit () )
{
int x, y;
in.x.ax = 3;
int86 (0X33,&in,&out);
x = out.x.cx; y = out.x.dx;
if (out.x.bx == 1)
{
cout<<"\n Left \n";
}
if (out.x.bx == 2)
{
cout<<"\n Right \n”;
}
cout<<“X= "<<x<<"\n Y= "<<y;
delay (200);
}
}
MOUSE RESTRICT
• We can restrict the mouse in
particular rectangle.We create a
function called restrict which takes
four parameters,and two cartisian
points each containing X coordinate
and Y coordinate.
• First point mention the top of the
rectangle and the second point
mention the bottom of the rectangle.
Mouse Restrict :-
void restrict (int x1 ,int y1 ,int x2 , int y2)
{
in.x.ax = 7;
in.x.cx = x1;
in.x.dx = x2;
int86 (0X33,&in,&out);
in.x.ax = 8;
in.x.cx = y1;
in.x.dx = y2;
int86 (0X33,&in,&out);
}
Tower of Hanoi
• There are three towers
• 3 disks, with decreasing sizes, placed
on the first tower
• You need to move all of the disks
from the first tower to the second
tower
• Larger disks can not be placed on top
of smaller disks
Recursive Algorithm
void Hanoi(int n, string a, string
b, string c)
{
if (n == 1) /* base case */
Move(a,b);
else { /* recursion */
Hanoi(n-1,a,c,b);
Move(a,b);
Hanoi(n-1,c,b,a);
}
Recursive Solution
Tower of Hanoi
Tower of Hanoi
Tower of Hanoi
Tower of Hanoi
Tower of Hanoi
Tower of Hanoi
