Java AWT

Java AWT

• Java AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit) is an API to develop

Graphical User Interface (GUI) or windows-based applications in
Java.
• Java AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit) provides a set of
APIs to create GUI (Graphical User Interface)
applications in Java.
• Java AWT components are platform-dependent i.e. components
are displayed according to the view of operating system.
• AWT is heavy weight i.e. its components are using the
resources of underlying operating system (OS).
JAVA AWT……….

• The java.awt package provides classes for AWT API such as

• Button
• Label
• TextField
• TextArea
• CheckBox
• Choice
• List
• Canvas
• ScorllBar
• Pannel
Java AWT Hierarchy
• AWT ………

• Components:
• All the elements like the button, text fields, scroll bars, etc.
are called components.
• Container:
• The Container is a component in AWT that can contain
another components like buttons, textfields, labels etc.
• The classes that extends Container class are known as
container such as
• Frame
• Dialog and
• Panel.
Types of containers:

• There are four types of containers in Java AWT

Window
Panel
Frame
Dialog
Window
• The window is the container that have no borders and
menu bars.
• You must use frame, dialog or another window for
creating a window.
• We need to create an instance of Window class to create
this container.
Panel
• The Panel is the container that doesn't contain title bar,
border or menu bar.
• It is generic container for holding the components.
• It can have other components like button, text field etc.
• An instance of Panel class creates a container, in which
we can add components.
Frame

• The Frame is the container that contain title bar and

border and can have menu bars.
• It can have other components like button, text field,
scrollbar etc.
• Frame is most widely used container while developing
an AWT application.
Java AWT Example

• To create simple AWT example, you need a frame. There

are two ways to create a GUI using Frame in AWT.
By extending Frame class (inheritance)
By creating the object of Frame class (association)

AWT Example by Inheritance:

Let's see a simple example of AWT where we are
inheriting Frame class.
Here, we are showing Button component on the Frame.
Java AWT Example

• import java.awt.*;
• public class AWTExample extends Frame
• {
•
• // initializing using constructor
• AWTExample1()
• {
• // creating a button
• Button b = new Button("Click Me!!");
•
• // setting button position on screen
• b.setBounds(30,100,80,30);
•
• // adding button into frame
• add(b);
•
• // frame size 300 width and 300 height
• setSize(300,300);
•
• // setting the title of Frame
• setTitle("This is our basic AWT example");
•
• // no layout manager
• setLayout(null);
•
AWT Example by Association

• Let's see a simple example of AWT where we are

creating instance of Frame class.
• Here, we are creating a TextField, Label and Button
component on the Frame.
Association AWT Example
• import java.awt.*;
• // class AWTExample2 directly creates instance of Frame class
• class AWTExample2
• {
• // initializing using constructor
• AWTExample2()
• {
• // creating a Frame
• Frame f = new Frame();
• // creating a Label
• Label l = new Label("Employee id:");
• // creating a Button
• Button b = new Button("Submit");
• // creating a TextField
• TextField t = new TextField();
• // setting position of above components in the frame
• l.setBounds(20, 80, 80, 30);
• t.setBounds(20, 100, 80, 30);
• b.setBounds(100, 100, 80, 30);
• // adding components into frame
• f.add(b);
• f.add(l);
• f.add(t);
• // frame size 300 width and 300 height
• f.setSize(400,300);
•
Java AWT Button

• A button is basically a control component with a label

that generates an event when pushed.
• The Button class is used to create a labeled button that
has platform independent implementation.
• The application result in some action when the button is
pushed.
Button Class Declaration:
public class Button extends Component implements Accessible
Button Class Constructors
Button Class Methods
Java AWT Button Example
• import java.awt.*;
• import java.awt.event.*;

• public class ButtonExample

• {
• public static void main(String[] args)
• {
• Frame frame = new Frame("Button Example");
• Button button = new Button("Click Me");
•
• button.setBounds(50, 100, 80, 30);
• button.addActionListener(new ActionListener()
• {
• public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
• {
• System.out.println("Button clicked");
• }
• });

• frame.add(button);
• frame.setSize(200, 200);
• frame.setLayout(null);
• frame.setVisible(true);
• }
Label
•import java.awt.Frame;
•import java.awt.Label;

•public class LabelExample

•{
• public static void main(String args[])
• {
• // creating the object of Frame class and Label class
• Frame f = new Frame("Label example");
• Label l1, l2;
• // initializing the labels
• l1 = new Label("First name");
• l2 = new Label(“Last name");
• // set the location of label
• l1.setBounds(50, 100, 100, 30);
• l2.setBounds(50, 150, 100, 30);
• // adding labels to the frame
• f.add(l1);
• f.add(l2);
• // setting size, layout and visibility of frame
• f.setSize(400,400);
• f.setLayout(null);
• f.setVisible(true);
• }

•}
TextFiled
• A TextField component in AWT is used to create a single-
line text input field.
TextField Example
• import java.awt.*;

• public class TextFieldExample

• {
• public static void main(String[] args)
• {
• Frame frame = new Frame("TextField Example");
• TextField textField = new TextField();
• textField.setBounds(50, 100, 200, 30);
• frame.add(textField);
• frame.setSize(300, 300);
• frame.setLayout(null);
• frame.setVisible(true);
• }
•
TextArea
• A TextArea component in AWT is used to create a multi-
line text input field.
TextArea Example
• import java.awt.*;

• public class TextAreaExample

• {
• public static void main(String[] args)
• {
• Frame frame = new Frame("TextArea Example");
• TextArea textArea = new TextArea();

• textArea.setBounds(50, 100, 200, 100);

• frame.add(textArea);
• frame.setSize(300, 300);
• frame.setLayout(null);
• frame.setVisible(true);
• }
• }
Checkbox
• A Checkbox component in AWT is used to create a
checkbox.
Checkbox Example
• import java.awt.*;
• import java.awt.event.*;

• public class CheckboxExample

• {
• public static void main(String[] args)
• {
• Frame frame = new Frame("Checkbox Example");
• Checkbox1 checkbox = new Checkbox("Accept");

• checkbox.setBounds(50, 100, 150, 30);

• checkbox.addItemListener(new ItemListener()
• {
• public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent e)
• {
• System.out.println("Checkbox: " + (e.getStateChange() == 1 ? "Checked" : "Unchecked"));
• }
• });

• frame.add(checkbox);
• frame.setSize(300, 300);
• frame.setLayout(null);
• frame.setVisible(true);
Choice
• A Choice component in AWT is used to create a
dropdown list.
Choice
• import java.awt.*;
• import java.awt.event.*;

• public class ChoiceExample

• {
• public static void main(String[] args)
• {
• Frame frame = new Frame("Choice Example");
• Choice choice = new Choice();
• choice.setBounds(50, 100, 150, 30);
• choice.add("Default");
• choice.add("YES");
• choice.add("NO");
• choice.add("NONE");

• choice.addItemListener(new ItemListener()
• {
• public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent e)
• {
• System.out.println("Selected: " + choice.getSelectedItem());
• }
• });

• frame.add(choice);
• frame.setSize(300, 300);
• frame.setLayout(null);
• frame.setVisible(true);
• }
List

• A List component in AWT is used to create a list of

items.
List Example
• import java.awt.*;
• import java.awt.event.*;

• public class ListExample

• {
• public static void main(String[] args)
• {
• Frame frame = new Frame("List Example");
• List list = new List();

• list.setBounds(50, 100, 150, 100);

• list.add("Item 1");
• list.add("Item 2");
• list.add("Item 3");

• list.addItemListener(new ItemListener()
• {
• public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent e)
• {
• System.out.println("Selected: " + list.getSelectedItem());
• }
• });

• frame.add(list);
• frame.setSize(300, 300);
• frame.setLayout(null);
• frame.setVisible(true);
• }
• }
Canvas

• A Canvas component in AWT is used to create a blank

rectangular area where we can draw or trap input
events.
Canvas Example
• import java.awt.*;

• public class CanvasExample

• {
• public static void main(String[] args)
• {
• Frame frame = new Frame("Canvas Example");
• Canvas canvas = new Canvas();

• canvas.setBounds(50, 50, 200, 200);

• canvas.setBackground(Color.GREEN);

• frame.add(canvas);
• frame.setSize(300, 300);
• frame.setLayout(null);
• frame.setVisible(true);
• }
• }
Scrollbar

• A Scrollbar component in AWT is used to create a

scrollbar.
Scrollbar Example
• import java.awt.*;
•
• public class ScrollbarExample1
• {
•
• // class constructor
• ScrollbarExample1()
• {
•
• // creating a frame
• Frame f = new Frame("Scrollbar Example");
• // creating a scroll bar
• Scrollbar s = new Scrollbar();
•
• // setting the position of scroll bar
• s.setBounds (100, 100, 50, 100);
•
• // adding scroll bar to the frame
• f.add(s);
•
• // setting size, layout and visibility of frame
• f.setSize(400, 400);
• f.setLayout(null);
• f.setVisible(true);
• }
•
• // main method
• public static void main(String args[]) {
Panel
• A Panel component in AWT is used as a container to
organize other components.
Pannel
• import java.awt.*;

• public class PanelExample

• {
• public static void main(String[] args)
• {
• Frame frame = new Frame("Panel Example");
• Panel panel = new Panel();

• panel.setBounds(50, 50, 200, 200);

• panel.setBackground(Color.LIGHT_GRAY);

• Button button = new Button("Click Me");

• panel.add(button);

• frame.add(panel);
• frame.setSize(300, 300);
• frame.setLayout(null);
• frame.setVisible(true);
• }
• }