5 Fuzzy Relations

FUZZY SETS ,LOGIC AND SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS
(PHDB104)
Fuzzy Relations and Their Operations, Composition of Fuzzy

Relations
FUZZY LOGIC VS CRISP LOGIC
• The term fuzzy logic was introduced with the 1965 proposal
of fuzzy set theory by mathematician Lotfi Zadeh.
• Fuzzy logic is based on the concept of infinite values, with a
fuzzy set having partial membership ranging from true to
false, yes to no, and 0 to 1.
• On the other hand, crisp logic, which a crisp set follows, is
based on bi-valued logic, meaning it has full membership and
is either completely true/false, 0/1.
FUZZY LOGIC VS CRISP LOGIC
• Fuzzy Relations: Fuzzy relations extend the concept of

classical relations to handle degrees of membership, allowing
for more nuanced associations between elements.
• Importance: Crucial in fuzzy logic systems for modeling and
reasoning about uncertainty and vagueness.
• Application Areas: Used in control systems, decision-making,
pattern recognition, and more.
BASIC CONCEPTS
• Fuzzy Sets and Relations

• Fuzzy Sets: Sets with boundaries that are not sharply defined.
Elements have degrees of membership.
• Fuzzy Relations: Generalization of fuzzy sets to express
relationships between elements of two or more sets.
• Difference from Crisp Relations: Crisp relations are binary
(either an element belongs or it doesn't), while fuzzy relations
allow for partial membership.
MATHEMATICAL REPRESENTATION
• Cartesian Product: The Cartesian product of two fuzzy

sets A and B forms a fuzzy relation R defined on the pairs of
elements from A and B
• Membership Function: The degree of membership of each
pair (x , y) in the fuzzy relation R is given by a membership
function: μR(x ,y)∈[0,1]
EXAMPLE:
• Consider fuzzy sets A and B:
A={a1,a2}, B={b1,b2,b3}
• A fuzzy relation R between A and B can be represented as a

matrix:
R=
• Each element R(ai,bj) represents the degree of relation

between (ai ∈ A) and (bj ∈ B).
OPERATIONS ON FUZZY RELATIONS
• Union, Intersection, Complement

• Union: Combines two fuzzy relations by taking the maximum
membership value for each pair.
• Intersection: Combines two fuzzy relations by taking the
minimum membership value for each pair.
• Complement: Inverts the membership values of a fuzzy
relation.
UNION OF FUZZY RELATIONS
• Mathematical Definition
• Union Formula: RUS=max(R(x,y),S(x,y))
• Example:
Given two fuzzy relations:

R= S=
• The union R∪S is:
R∪S=
INTERSECTION OF FUZZY RELATIONS
• Intersection Formula: R∩S=min(R(x,y),S(x,y))
• Example:
Given two fuzzy relations:

R= S=
• The intersection R∩S is:
R∩S=
COMPLEMENT OF FUZZY RELATIONS
• Complement Formula: R′=1−R(x,y)
• Example:
Given a fuzzy relation:

R=
The complement R′ is:
R′=
COMPOSITION OF FUZZY RELATIONS
Introduction to Composition
• Composition of fuzzy relations is essential in fuzzy logic for
combining multiple fuzzy relations into a single relation.
Types of Composition:
• Max-Min Composition
• Max-Product Composition
MAX-MIN COMPOSITION
• Definition and Example

• Max-Min Formula: (R0S)(x,z)=max [min(R(x,y),S(y,z))]
• Example:
• R= . S=
• Now (R∘S)(x1,z1)=max [min(R(0.1,0.9),S(0.5,0.1))]
• i.e Row 1 of matrix R and Column1 of matrix S

• = max [0.1,0.1]= 0.1
R= . S=
• R∘S=
• = max [0.1,0.5]= 0.5
• R∘S=
• Now(R∘S)(x2,z1)=max [min(R(0.8,0.9),S(0.4,0.1))]
• = max [0.8,0.1]= 0.8

R= . S=
• R∘S=
• = max [0.6,0.4]= 0.6
• R∘S=
MAX-PRODUCT COMPOSITION
• Definition and Example

• Max-Product Formula: (R0S)(x,z)=max[R(x*y),S(y*z)]
• Example:
• R= S=
• Now (R∘S)(x1,z1)=max [(0.1*0.9),(0.5*0.1)]
• i.e Row 1 of matrix R and Column1 of matrix S

• = max[0.09,0.05]=0.09
R= S=
• R∘S=
• Now (R∘S)(x1,z2)=max [(0.1*0.6),(0.5*0.7)]
• = max [0.06,0.35]= 0.35
• R∘S=
• Now(R∘S)(x2,z1)=max [(0.8*0.9),(0.4*0.1)]
• = max [0.72,0.04]= 0.72

R= S=
• R∘S=
• Now (R∘S)(x2,z2)=max [(0.8*0.6),(0.4*0.7)]
• = max [0.48,0.28]= 0.48
• R∘S=
APPLICATIONS OF FUZZY RELATIONS
Real-World Applications
• Control Systems: Used in fuzzy controllers to handle
imprecise inputs.
• Decision-Making: Helps in multi-criteria decision-making
where uncertainty is present.
• Image Processing: Applied in image enhancement,
segmentation, and pattern recognition.
FUZZY RELATION EQUATIONS
• Solving Fuzzy Relation Equations

• Methods: Algebraic approaches and numerical methods.
• Examples: Finding fuzzy relations that satisfy certain
conditions in control systems or pattern recognition.
• Importance: Provides a way to model and solve real-world
problems with imprecision.
CHALLENGES AND LIMITATIONS
Challenges
• Complexity: High computational complexity for large-scale
problems.
• Interpretation: Difficulties in interpreting fuzzy relations and
results.
• Scalability: Challenges in scaling fuzzy relation methods for
big data applications.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Advancements and Research

• Improving Computational Methods: Developing efficient
algorithms for handling fuzzy relations.
• Integration with Other AI Techniques: Combining fuzzy
logic with machine learning and neural networks.
• Expanding Application Domains: Exploring new areas such
as bioinformatics, robotics, and more.
CONCLUSION
• Summary
• Recap of Key Points: Fuzzy relations, their operations, and
composition are crucial for handling uncertainty in various
fields.
• Importance: Vital in fuzzy logic systems for modeling and
decision-making under imprecise conditions.
• Encouragement: Further study and application of fuzzy
relations can lead to more robust and flexible systems.
REFERENCES
• “Fuzzy logic is the way to emaluate human decision-

making in a computing model”- Lotfi Zadeh
• https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/fuzzy-logic-introductio
n/
• https://www.javatpoint.com/fuzzy-logic
THANKYOU

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FUZZY SETS ,LOGIC AND SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS

Fuzzy Relations and Their Operations, Composition of Fuzzy

• Fuzzy Relations: Fuzzy relations extend the concept of

• Fuzzy Sets and Relations

• Cartesian Product: The Cartesian product of two fuzzy

• Consider fuzzy sets A and B:

• A fuzzy relation R between A and B can be represented as a

• Each element R(ai,bj) represents the degree of relation

• Union, Intersection, Complement

Given two fuzzy relations:

Given two fuzzy relations:

Given a fuzzy relation:

• Definition and Example

• Now (R∘S)(x1,z1)=max [min(R(0.1,0.9),S(0.5,0.1))]

• i.e Row 1 of matrix R and Column1 of matrix S

• Now (R∘S)(x1,z2)=max [min(R(0.1,0.6),S(0.5,0.7))]

• = max [0.1,0.5]= 0.5

• = max [0.8,0.1]= 0.8

• = max [0.6,0.4]= 0.6

• Definition and Example

• Now (R∘S)(x1,z1)=max [(0.1*0.9),(0.5*0.1)]

• i.e Row 1 of matrix R and Column1 of matrix S

• Now (R∘S)(x1,z2)=max [(0.1*0.6),(0.5*0.7)]

• = max [0.06,0.35]= 0.35

• = max [0.72,0.04]= 0.72

• = max [0.48,0.28]= 0.48

• Solving Fuzzy Relation Equations

Advancements and Research

• “Fuzzy logic is the way to emaluate human decision-

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• Now (R∘S)(x1,z1)=max [(0.10.9),(0.50.1)]

• Now (R∘S)(x1,z2)=max [(0.10.6),(0.50.7)]