ENGLISH CLASS

August 2024
Miss Lorralie Canape
Miss Jasmin Boscocho
GRAMMAR AND
STRUCTURE
WARM-UP
ACTIVITIES
TRIVIA

A “Blue Moon” is the

second full moon in a
calendar month (it is
rarely blue).
Correct Usage

Capitalization

Do not capitalize the seasons

(winter, spring, summer, fall)
unless these are used in direct
address.
Word of the Day

à la mode
/ˌä-lə-ˈmōd/
adjective
French: “according to the fashion”
topped with ice cream
Would you like your apple pie à la
mode?
Visual Language

Use adverbs modifying

adjectives to describe how
magnificent a sunrise is.
Visual Language

Describe the moon by telling

in what way or to what extent
it shines. What adverbs did
you use?
PARTS OF SPEECH:
ADVERB
What is an adverb?
 An adverb modifies a verb, an adjective, or another
adverb.
 It establishes the manner, place, frequency, time,
cause, and reason.
 It answers the questions: Where? When? How? How
often? To what extent?

look there (where) work now (when) spoke softly (how)

seldom sings (how often) partially completed (to what
extent)
Kinds of Adverbs

Adverb of Manner
enormously, greatly, easily, endlessly, gloriously
Adverb of Place
here, there, inside, outside, upstairs
Adverb of Frequency
once, twice, often, seldom, rarely
Adverb of Time
now, today, then, never, lately, soon, later
Adverb of Number
firstly, secondly, thirdly
Adverb of Degree
very, too, quite, much, little, less
Seatwork 1: Recognizing Adverbs
Identify the adverbs and the verb they describe.
1. The cat swiftly caught the mouse under his paws.
2. Michael completed his homework carefully.
3. The phone rings constantly at the office
4. We went to see a really good play yesterday
5. Dad builds bonfires outside on summer nights.
Comparison of Adverbs
 Similar to adjectives, adverbs has three degrees of
comparison.
POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
soon sooner soonest
smoothly more smoothly most smoothly
well better best
much more most
little less least
Similar to the comparison of adjectives,
the comparative degree should always
be referring to two persons or things,
and the superlative degree to three or
 Seatwork 2: Comparison of Adverbs
Supply the comparative and superlative form of the adverbs.
POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
rapidly
much
little
fast
efficiently
surprisingly
soon
rarely
gently
often
SIMPLE AND COMPLETE
SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES
Visual Language

Provide an title for this picture answering the

prompt “What do you see?”
Visual Language

Write a simple sentence

about this house. You may
compare it to your house.
Simple and Complete Subject
 The simple subject is the main noun or pronoun that
tells whom or what the sentence is about.
 The complete subject is the simple subject and all of
the words that go with it.

My grandparents live on an island.

A small boat travels there every hour.

Simple and Complete Predicate
 The simple predicate is the verb that tells what the
subject does or is.
 The complete predicate is the verb and all the words
that tell what the subject does or is.

The entire ride takes about twenty minutes.

I am learning how to paddle a kayak.

Seatwork 3: Subjects and Predicates
Write whether the underlined word or words are the simple subject, complete
subject, simple predicate, or complete predicate.

1. My grandmother likes to paint the ocean.

2. My family visits them every summer.
3. My oldest sister has started a shell collection.
4. I swim nearly every day.
5. The days at the beach are the best ever!
Seatwork 4: Subjects and Predicates
Copy the sentences. Draw a line between the complete subject and the complete
predicate. Underline the complete subject once and the simple subject twice.

1. The family’s two children played near the space launch.

2. The little girl dreamed about life on Earth.
3. Huge spaceships landed daily on the planet.
4. The spaceship mechanics repaired huge cargo ships.
5. Twinkling stars appeared in the black sky.
PARTS OF SPEECH:
PRONOUNS
Visual Language

What do you think these people are fighting for?

Use they/them in a
sentence.
Visual Language

What do you think of

Geishas?
Use they/them in a
sentence.
What is a pronoun?
 A pronoun is a word that stands in for a noun, often to
avoid the need to repeat the same noun over and over.
 Like nouns, pronouns can refer to people, things,
concepts, and places.
 Like nouns, pronouns commonly serve as the subject of a
sentence, followed by a verb (a word expressing an
action).
 A pronoun can also function as the object in a sentence—
either a direct or indirect object.
 We have pronoun antecedent and there are different
types of pronouns.
Pronoun Antecedent
 The antecedent of a pronoun is the noun that it refers
back to.
 The antecedent may also be something the person
you’re speaking to said.
 Pronoun-antecedent agreement means ensuring that the
pronoun you use matches its antecedent in number,
person, and gender.
Annie was late to class again because she missed the bus.
As they debated the point, the students became
increasingly animated.
Person A: What do you think of Julian?
Person B: I don’t like him very much.
Pronoun Antecedent
Which sentence used a correct pronoun antecedent?

After the interview and the written test were

completed, it was checked for incomplete answers.

After the interview and the written test were

completed, the test was checked for incomplete
answers.
Personal pronouns (first-, second-, and third-
person)

Personal refer to yourself, the person you’re addressing, or

other people and things.
Personal pronouns can change their form based on:
 Person (first-, second-, or third-person)
 Number (singular or plural)
 Gender (masculine, feminine, neuter, or epicene)
 Case (subject, object, possessive, or
reflexive/intensive)
Demonstrative Pronouns

 The four demonstrative pronouns (this, that, these, and

those) are used to indicate something previously mentioned
or, in conversation, something that is clear from the context.
 The demonstrative pronouns give information about the
relative closeness (literal or figurative) of the things they
refer to, especially when they’re contrasted with each other:

 The “near” demonstrative this (singular) or these (plural)

indicates something close to you.
 The “far” demonstrative that (singular) or those (plural)
indicates something farther from you.
Demonstrative Pronouns

This is an apple, and those are oranges.

That looks like the car I used to drive.

These are nice shoes.

Interrogative Pronouns

 Interrogative pronouns are used (along with other types

of interrogative words) to introduce questions. The
interrogative pronouns are:

What and which, used to ask questions about things

o What were your favorite classes at school?
Who and whom, used to ask about people
o Whom do you admire the most?
Whose, used to ask about ownership
o Whose is this jacket?

All English interrogative pronouns can also function as relative

pronouns.
Relative Pronouns

 A relative pronoun is used to introduce a relative clause

—a phrase that usually supplies more information
about the preceding noun. They have a lot in common
with interrogative pronouns. The relative pronouns are:

Which(ever), that, and what(ever), used in relation to things

o The first thing that I thought of was a cloud.
Who(ever) and whom(ever), used in relation to people
o Whoever broke the chair should own up to it.
Whose, used to indicate ownership
o It doesn’t matter whose it was; it’s ours now!
Relative pronouns are often omitted in practice (e.g., “the book [that] I read”). There’s
nothing wrong with doing this as long as it doesn’t create ambiguity.
Indefinite Pronouns

 Indefinite pronouns are words like “somebody” that refer to

an unspecified person or thing.
 Many of them are formed using some combination of some-,
any-, every-, or no- with -thing, -one, -where, or -body.
 There are also various indefinite pronouns used to describe
quantity, such as “little,” “many,” “none,” and “enough.”
 And there are distributive pronouns like “neither” and
“each” that allow you to distinguish between options.
 The impersonal pronoun “one” can also be regarded as
indefinite.
Indefinite Pronouns

What indefinite pronouns were used in these sentences?

o Try to think of somewhere nice to go for dinner.
o No one likes him, and he doesn’t like anyone.
o Some are born lucky, while others have to work hard
for everything they get.
o Few are able to excel in such a competitive field.
Possessive Pronouns

 Possessive pronouns are  Possessive pronouns are

pronouns that are used to closely related to
indicate the ownership possessive determiners,
(possession) of something which are used differently
or someone by something since they appear
or someone else. before a noun instead of
replacing it.
 mine, ours, yours, his,
hers, theirs, and  my, our, your, his, her,
whose. its, their, and whose.
Seatwork 5: Recognizing Pronouns
Copy the personal pronouns in each sentence. Write the number of personal
pronouns you found.
1. William Shakespeare and his plays seem indestructible for
even in out times, his works are admired by almost everyone.
2. He has never been belittled nor rejected, and his works have
never sunk into extinction.
3. The generations of our forefathers have looked up to him, as
the greatest playwright of all.
4. In fact, I read his Romeo and Juliet, and I believe it is
timeless.
5. His plays have been staged for almost four centuries, and
they have not diminished in their appeal among the viewing
public.
Seatwork 6: Recognizing Pronoun Antecedents
Indicate the noun/pronoun antecedent. Choose the correct pronoun that
agrees with it.
1. One of the girls gave (their, her, hers) history report about
Stonehenge in class today.
2. Each had (his, her, their, his/her) opinion regarding the
prehistoric ritual monument north of Salisbury, England.
3. Several of the boys insisted that (his, their) viewpoints about
England’s most celebrated megalithic monuments be heard.
4. The monument consists of four concentric ranges of stones,
and (this, these) comprise the entire structure.
5. Many of these stones have (its, it’s, their) unique
characteristics that differ from the others within the structure.
PARTS OF SPEECH:
CONJUNCTIONS
Visual Language
Using a single sentence,
describe what two of the
people in this picture are
doing. What conjunction did
you use?
Visual Language
Using a single sentence,
describe what two of the
people in this picture are
doing. What conjunction did
you use?
What is a conjunction?
 Conjunctions are parts of speech that connect words,
phrases, clauses, or sentences.
o Philippines and Indonesia are long-time allied countries.
(connects words)
o Nhel visited not only Nitz but also Vener. (connects phrases)
o Rozelle prepared the dinner, but Judy did not come.
(connects clauses)
 There are three kinds of conjunctions: coordinating,
correlative, and subordinating.
 Kinds of Conjunctions
COORDINATING
are connectors used to join words or group or words equal in rank.

FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

F: for: The teachers were frustrated, for the school had cut funding for all
enrichment programs.
A: and: In this course, I will write a literature review, a case study, and a final
paper.
N: nor: The students did not complete their homework, nor did they pass the
test.
B: but: The study is several years old but still valuable to this study.
O: or: At the end of the class, the students can choose to write an essay or take a
test.
Y: yet: The patient complained of chronic pain, yet she refused treatment.
S: so: I have only been a nurse for one year, so I have little experience with
 Kinds of Conjunctions
CORRELATIVE
connects words or group of words that function in pairs.

not only … but also neither … nor

both … and either … or
whether … or
The project will require significant investments of both time and money.
Students who did not complete the assignment received not only a poor
grade but also a warning from the teacher.
Participants in the survey could either choose from a list of possible
answers or write in their own responses.
The staff neither followed the new policy nor asked for clarification.
 Kinds of Conjunctions
SUBORDINATE

connects dependent and independent clauses.

after although as much as/as soon as/as long as as though

because
before how in order to/in order that if once
since than that though
unless
until whether when/whenever while
where/wherever
There are two ways to structure a sentence using a subordinating conjunction:
Main clause + subordinate clause
The teacher administered the test after giving instructions.
The author must avoid bias if she wants to maintain a scholarly tone.
I will turn in this assignment at midnight whether or not I complete it.

Subordinate clause + , + main clause

After giving instructions, the teacher administered the test.
If she wants to maintain a scholarly tone, the author must avoid bias.
Seatwork 7: Recognizing Conjunctions
Copy the conjunctions in the following quotes. Indicate whether the
conjunctions are coordinating, correlative, or subordinating.
1. Opportunities are usually disguised as hardwork, so most
people don’t recognize them. –Thoreau
2. Keep pace with the drummer you hear, however measured or
far away. –Landers
3. Hard work without talent is a shame, but talent without hard
work is a tragedy. –R. Half
4. There is no limit to what can be accomplished, unless it
doesn’t matter who gets the credit. –R.W. Emerson
5. Wisdom is knowing what to do next; skill if knowing how to do
it; and virtue is doing it. –D.S. Jordan
PARTS OF SPEECH:
INTERJECTIONS
Visual Language

What interjections can this

woman use too express her
feelings?
Visual Language

What words can this boy use

to express surprise, interest,
and shock?
What is an interjection?
 An interjection is a word or phrase used to express a
feeling or to request or demand something.
 They are not grammatically connected to other parts of a
sentence.
 Interjections are common in everyday speech and
informal writing.
 While some interjections such as “well” and “indeed” are
acceptable in formal conversation.
 It is best to avoid interjections in formal or academic
writing.
Interjections

Examples: Interjections in a sentence

o Wow! That bird is huge.
o Uh-oh. I forgot to get gas.
o We’re not lost. We just need to go, um, this way.
o Psst, what’s the answer to number four?
How are interjections used in
sentences?
 Interjections add meaning to a sentence or context by
expressing a feeling, making a demand, or
emphasizing a thought.
 Interjections can be either a single word or a phrase,
and they can be used on their own or as part of a
sentence.
o Phew!
o Shoot, I’ve broken a nail.
o Oh really? I didn’t know that.
Let’s play Interjection
Bingo!
 Choose 25 interjections among: ah,
aha, amen, aw, bingo, boo, bravo,
duh, gosh, great, hey, hi, hmmmm,
huh, hurray, hush, indeed, jeez,
oops, ouch, phew, rats, ugh, uh
huh, uh oh, well, whoa, whoopee,
whoops, wow, yahoo, yeah, yes,
yipee, yuck and yummy.
 Arrange all the interjections on a
bingo card (5x5 boxes).
 Cross out the interjection your
teacher will flash on the screen.
Let’s play Interjection Bi
ngo!

Click hyperlink to start.

Seatwork 8: Recognizing Interjections
Choose the interjection that belongs with each of the sentences below.
1. ……………………… This coffee’s far too hot. I’ve burnt my tongue.
a. Ouch! b. Oops! c. Phew!
2. ……………………… Sorry. I wasn’t looking where I was going. I’ll buy you
another coffee.
a. Wow! b. Hmm. c. Oops!
3. ……………………… That dessert looks absolutely revolting!
a. Yuck! b. Yum! c. Brr!
4. ……………………… You’ll wake the baby if you’re not careful.
a. Phew! b. Shh! c. Hmm.
5. ……………………… This pie is delicious! Can I have another slice?
a. Ouch! b. Yuck! c. Yum!
LUNCH BREAK
LANGUAGE SKILLS
AND
COMMUNICATION
(LSC)
READING SKILLS

We will learn how

to use GLOB
Reading
Strategies.
Use these
strategies to make
me better in
reading with the
help of the
universal
techniques.
READING SKILLS
Global Reading Strategies
 Global Reading Strategies can be thought of as universal
techniques that we use when we are reading. They often
involve reflecting on what we are reading and why we
are reading it, and many of these techniques require little
more than text at hand. They tend to involve developing a
relationship with the text and reflecting on the
information at hand.
 Some Global Reading Strategies include:
 Developing a purpose to keep in mind while reading
 Thinking about what you know to help you understand the
reading
 Connecting the text with your reading purpose while reading
 Using tables, figures, and pictures to increase understanding
READING SKILLS
Global Reading Guide Questions:
 These guide questions can be used in ANY reading materials.
 Why am I reading this text? What is my purpose?
 What do I need to know after reading the text?
 What background knowledge or information do I have connected to this
text?
 What context clues does this text have to help me understand it better?
 Did I get what I want from the text after reading it? What information
have I got?
 What does this mean? What message is the author trying to convey?
READING SKILLS
 Before reading, plan your reading strategy.
 Use KWL charts are graphic organizers that help students
organize information before, during, and after a unit or a
lesson. They can be used to engage students in a new topic,
activate prior knowledge, share unit objectives, and monitor
students' learning. Here is an example of a KWL chart:

What I Know What I Want to Know What I Learned

READING SKILLS
 During reading, note your questions, think, clarify,
connect, and breakdown information.
 Use graphic organizers can support their comprehension and
be a tool that is used later for writing. Here is a metacognitive
log:
I Saw In The Text I Thought or Wondered
(a word or sentence) (questions, connections)
Example:
“Robots can even play musical A question I have is: Do robots have lips?
instruments like the trumpet.”
What does it mean?
The word: feature
READING SKILLS
 After reading, summarize all your learnings and ideas.
 Highlight the main idea/s and important details.
 Do not copy the sentences word by word, but retell the story
using your own words or understanding.
 Other than a paragraph form, you may use graphic organizers
or tables to present your ideas.
Reading Activity 1
Let’s practice! For 15 minutes, let’s read a short story about:
Reading Activity 1
Story Reading
WRITING SKILLS

The KWL chart and Metacognitive log are also

examples of writing strategies to help you express your
ideas and organize your thoughts.
What I Know What I Want to Know What I Learned

I Saw In The Text I Thought or Wondered

(a word or sentence) (questions, connections)
Writing Activity 2

In a clean yellow paper, write the summary of the

story: Why Do Dogs Wag Their Tails?
You have twenty minutes to write the summary.
LISTENING AND SPEAKING
SKILLS
ELPT MODULE
 READING
COMPREHENSION
AND VOCABULARY
READING,
COMPREHENSION, & VOCABULARY

Day 2
August ___ , 2024
CARS - Anihan Tecnical School
Do you dream of working
in a cruise ship? Why?
What activities are there
on a cruise ship?
 Have you
heard
of the movie
“Titanic?” What
is it about?
Could you give
the synopsis
of the movie?
Has the movie discouraged you
from pursuing your dream
of working in a cruise sheep?
Why?
The following text that you will read
contains 1579 words - a 13-minute
read. You are given 30 seconds to
read the short text slides and 35
seconds to read the long ones. Note
that you cannot return to each slide to
re-read the texts. So you must focus
so that you can read fast with
WHAT WORKING ON CRUISE SHIPS
IS REALLY LIKE: PROS & CONS
(Excerpt)
https://wandereatwrite.com/working-on-cruise-ships-
pros-cons/

Is Working on a Cruise Ship Worth It?

If you’re willing to put in the work and
sacrifice the comforts of life at land, working
on a cruise ship offers a lifestyle with travel
opportunities you’ll be hard-pressed to find
elsewhere. While it’s definitely not the
easiest travel job, it is the most rewarding.
(Michelle)
 The Pros of Working on Cruise Ships

1. You get paid to travel

This is probably the biggest and most well-known perk
of getting a job on a cruise ship, and for good reason. It
is the ultimate work and travel job opportunity that has
allowed me to travel to 35 countries, frolic on more
Caribbean beaches than I can count, spend a month in
the Mediterranean, sail through the Arctic Circle, dock
in Russia all summer during the 2018 FIFA World Cup,
cruise with Jazz legend Dave Koz, visit Greenland, and
see endless prismatic sunsets at sea.
2. Little to no cost of living
On ships, you live where you work. All basic living
expenses are covered at sea for crew members:
accommodation, water, electricity, and food.

3. Free medical care

When I had an infection during one contract, I was able
to get an exam done and receive the necessary
antibiotics all between my work shifts, and all at no
cost.

4. Flights to and from the ship are provided

While this varies by company and possibly by job, ships
5. Short work commute
Once onboard, your daily commute to work
is just a few minutes.

6. 6-8 week vacation in between

contracts
On ships, crew members must have a
minimum of six weeks of time off between
contracts, because, well you don’t have
any days off for your entire contract. While
this period is unpaid, it does provide ample
time to travel freely for more than just a
7. Save money
If you’re smart, you can save the majority of your
paycheck because there are no costs of living or large
bills that need to be paid every month.
8. Crew discounts
In many ports, crew members can get discounts on nearly
every service possible: taxis/shuttles, restaurants, bars,
beach resorts, etc.
9. Escape reality
Because of the long work hours and limited internet
access, I usually don’t have time to keep up with what’s
happening back home or anywhere else in the world .
10. International connections
The crew area is like a small, diverse
city with people from dozens of
countries. You work and live with
people from all around the world, and
it’s such a unique experience to learn
about their lives and country through
interaction.
11. You get to be part of meaningful
humanitarian work
While being able to provide a guest with an
amazing and memorable vacation is of course
satisfying, the proudest I’ve ever been to be a
crew member working for Royal Caribbean was
when we were giving back to communities in
need and looking out for our neighbors.
12. CV/Resume boost
Working on cruise ships requires a lot of skills that
make crew members some of the most eligible
employment candidates: international experience and
the ability to work with a diverse team; skills in
customer service and crisis management; and capable
of learning quickly. Most of all, I think what makes
crew members stand out is their mental strength.
 The Cons of Working on Cruise
Ships

1. There are no days off

On ships, weekends and holidays don’t
exist. You work every day of your entire
contract and just have hours off between
shifts each day. On ships, you still have to
get up and go to work the next day.
3. Contracts are 4-9 months long
You will get tired and you will feel overworked.
ou’ll be away from home for a long while and in
that time you will also miss out on a lot of life.

4. You’re on call 24/7

Every crew member is responsible for
responding to designated emergencies: medical,
fire, security threat, man overboard, etc. No
matter where you are or what time it is, when
the announcement is made, you have roughly
seven minutes to get to your emergency station.
2. You work long hours
The most I ever clocked in a day was about 13 hours, but
of course this will vary according to job position and
possibly whether or not it’s a busy cruise.

The majority of crew members work anywhere from 9-11+

hours every day, the average amount being on the higher
end of the spectrum.

Shifts are also split, so you might start work in the

morning and not finish for the day until late at night.
5. Small living quarters
Unless you’re a higher ranked staff or
officer, your room will be generally
small. Most crew typically live with
one other roommate in a cabin that is
just large enough for the absolute
basics: a bunked bed, a small table
with a couple dresser drawers and
shelves, two small wardrobe closets,
and a restroom where you can shit,
shower, and shave all at the same
6.No privacy
There’s nowhere to hide. Sure, you have your room, but like I
mentioned, you’ll probably have a roommate. This can be
extremely difficult for introverts such as myself especially if
your job is a front of the house position.

7. The food is not the same for crew and guests

Crew members have their own cafeteria (“mess”) separated
from guests and even sometimes split between ranks.
8. It’s a bit military-esque
Everything is highly regulated and there
are a lot of rules: what you’re allowed to
do, where you’re allowed to be, and even
what you’re allowed to wear. There’s a
dress code for everything: day, night,
formal, smart casual, all black. Cabins are
inspected regularly and beds must be
made.If we fail, our supervisors are
Disciplinary action is super formal:
verbal warnings, written warnings,
hearings with the master (captain),
and dismissal. Your privileges depend
on how many stripes you have (your
rank). There are typically three tiers in
the ship social hierarchy: officer, staff
(front of the house), and crew (back of
the house).
9. Crew drills
Every cruise, crew members need to
take part in mandatory emergency drills
where you have to respond to a
simulated incident and answer questions
about crisis response
protocol. Sometimes this can last hours,
especially if the crew fail to respond
properly.
10. Trainings and certifications
If you’re a new hire, expect to spend the entirety of your
first few weeks in training courses: basic ship safety,
emergency response, evacuation protocol, lifeboat/life
raft operations (aka flipping a raft in a pool with a life
jacket on while guests watch you), crowd management,
security certification, and more. You’ll need to attend all
of these classes in addition to working your actual ship
job.
11. Crew aren’t treated the same as guests
Crew members have to go through extra security checks
when arriving back onboard, like taking their shoes off and
getting a pat-down but guests don’t?
This is because crew are often targeted by locals to
smuggle drugs and security is checking to see if we’ve got
any contraband on us.

12. You’re always “on stage”

Prepare to smile a lot and always be “on” around guests.
Even if you’re off duty and walking through public areas of
the ship, you are still a working employee if guests stop
you to ask you a question or need help.
13. Customer service on ships can be
demanding and is often brutal
I’ve lost count of how many times I’ve been yelled
at for the most trivial things. But us crew members
build up a tolerance for poor adult behavior and
find ways to cope with it while you talk to them like
a child until they calm down.

14. The seas can be rough

While guests might deal with seasickness by laying
down in their cabins, crew members still need to be
at their work areas operating the same as usual no
matter what the weather or sea conditions are.
15. Ship life affects your hormones and health
Blame it on the recycled air, the desalinated water, the
fluctuating food quality, high stress, or close living
quarters, but your health may take a hit while working on
ships.

16. Internet is limited and expensive

I’ve had so many guests ask me if crew members get free
Wi-Fi and the truth is that our internet packages actually
tend to be more expensive than the guests’.
17. You rarely have control over your assignments
For many crew positions, you won’t be able to request a
specific ship or itinerary for several years.You usually
stay with the same ship for the entirety of your contract
but there are cases where you might be abruptly
transferred to another ship and there’s nothing you can
do about it. They might not even give you 24 hours’
notice.
18. Long-term relationships are difficult to sustain
Most relationships between crew members are short and
limited to the length of the contract. This of course varies
by company, but in my experience, couples need to submit
official paperwork that proves they are in a formal, legally
binding relationship of some sort and even then there is no
guarantee that crew couples can be placed on the same
ship.

19. You’re away from family and friends for long

periods of time
You end up watching life going on without you through
social media: birthdays, weddings, kids growing, pet
adoptions, game nights, brunch dates, etc.
Now, how do you find it
working in a cruise ship?
 Name one or two
advantages,
of working in cruise ships,
that you find interesting.
Why?
Name one or two
disadvantages,
of working in cruise ships,
that you find challenging.
Why?
Considering all the cons,
would you still want
to work in a cruise ship
in the future ?
 This article is
an informative text.
What is the purpose of an
informative text?
CONTEXT CLUES
hints found within a sentence,
paragraph, or passage
that a reader can use
to understand the meanings
of new or unfamiliar words
Source:
https://www.mdc.edu/kendall/collegeprep/docu
ments2/context%20cluesrev8192.pdf
 Common Types of Context
Clues
1.Synonym
A synonym, or word with the same meaning,
is used in the sentence.

Ex.1 It was an idyllic day - sunny, warm, and

perfect for a walk in the park.

Ex.2 She hums continuously, or all the

time, and it annoys me.
 Common Types of Context
Clues
2. Definition
This is providing the actual definition.

Ex.1 Diane was lethargic; she didn't

have the energy to get out of bed.

Ex.2 The doctor’s writing was utterly

illegible; no one could read those
scribbles.
 Common Types of Context
3. Antonym Clues
An antonym, or an opposite, can
convey meaning. If you point out the
differences, you can come to
understand each component better.

Ex.1 Marty is gregarious, unlike his

brother who is quiet and shy.

Ex.2 This painting of the landscape is

picturesque, while the one of the old
 Common Types of Context
Clues
4. Explanations
This is providing a bigger picture and
added detail or context to understand
the tricky word.

Ex.1 The team was elated because they

just found out they placed in the semi-
finals.

Ex.2 During the demonstration, a

skirmish broke out so the police were
 Common Types of Context
Clues
5. Examples
Specific examples are used to define
the term.

Ex.1 Pedagogical institutions,

including high schools, kindergartens,
and colleges, require community
support to function efficiently.

Ex.2 Ecclesiastics, such as priests,

ministers, and pastors, should set
 Sources:

https://www.yourdictionary.com/

https://www.cpp.edu/ramp/program-m
aterials/context-clues.shtml
English International Phonetic
Alphabet (IPA)
Source:
https://icspeech.com/phonetic-symbo
ls.html

A phoneme is the smallest sound in

a language. The International
Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a
system of letters and symbols that
are used to represent the individual
sounds of a language. Following is a
Phonetic Example
Phonetic
symbol
spelling

1. /i/ beat
/b/ /i/ /t/
2. /ɪ/ bit
/b/ /ɪ/ /t/
3. /e/ bait
/b/ /e/ /t/
4. /ɛ/ bet
/b/ /ɛ/ /t/
5. /æ/ bat
/b/ /æ/ /t/
6. /ʌ/ but
Phonetic Example
Phonetic
symbol
spelling

11. /o/ boat

/b/ /o/ /t/
12. /ɔ/ bought
/b/ /ɔ/ /t/
13. /ɑ/ bob
/b/ /ɑ/ /b/
14. /ɑɪ/ bite
/b/ /ɑɪ/ /t/
15. /ɑʊ/ brown
/b/ /r/ /ɑʊ/ /n/
16. /ɔɪ/ boy
Phonetic Example
Phonetic
symbol
spelling

21. /k/ kit

/k/ /ɪ/ /t/
22. /g/ got
/g/ /ɑ/ /t/
23. /f/ fog
/f/ /ɔ/ /g/
24. /v/ vat
/v/ /æ/ /t/
25. /ɵ/ thick
/ɵ/ /ɪ/ /k/
Phonetic Example
Phonetic
symbol
spelling

31. /h/ help

/h/ /ɛ/ /l/ /p/
32. /ʧ/ church
/ʧ/ /ɚ/ /ʧ/
33. /ʤ/ jump
/ʤ/ /ʌ/ /m/ /p/ 34. /m/
mom /m/ /ɑ/ /m/
35. /n/ nod
/n/ /ɑ/ /d/
36. /ŋ/ thing
Vocabulary Exercise
Directions: Give the meaning of
the italicized word by getting
clues from the surrounding words.

1. This is probably the biggest and

most well-known perk of getting a
job on a cruise ship, and for good
reason.
2. It is an opportunity to frolic on
more Caribbean beaches than I
Vocabulary Exercise
Directions: Give the meaning of the
italicized word by getting clues from
the surrounding words.

3. The crew area is like a small,

diverse city with people from
dozens of countries.
4.Every crew member is responsible
for responding to designated
emergencies: medical, fire, security
threat, man overboard, etc.
Vocabulary Exercise
Directions: Give the meaning of
the italicized word by getting
clues from the surrounding
words.

5. There are typically three tiers

in the ship social hierarchy:
officer, staff (front of the house),
and crew (back of the house).
Vocabulary Exercise
Directions: Give the meaning of
the italicized word by getting
clues from the surrounding words.

6-8. Crew members need to take

part in mandatory emergency
drills where you have to respond
to a simulated incident and
answer questions about crisis
response protocol.
Vocabulary Exercise
Directions: Give the meaning of
the italicized word by getting
clues from the surrounding words.

9. Blame it on the recycled air,

the desalinated water, the
fluctuating food quality, high
stress, or close living quarters, but
your health may take a hit while
working on ships.
Vocabulary Exercise
Directions: Give the meaning of
the italicized word by getting
clues from the surrounding
words.

10. For many crew positions,

you won’t be able to request a
specific ship or itinerary for
several years
 Pronouncing the Words
Correctly
1. perk - /pɝk/
2. frolic - /ˈfrɒlɪk/
3. diverse - /daɪˈvɜːs/or
/dɪˈvɝs/
4. designated - /ˈdez.ɪɡ
ˌneɪ.t̬ɪd/
5. heirarchy -
/ˈhaɪ.rɑːr.ki/
6. mandatory -
/ˈmæn.də.tɔːr.i/
One of the pros in working in cruise
ships is establishing international
connections.

Again, what is international

connection?

What do you think you should first be

equipped with in order that you can
communicate well with these
international connections?
ENGLISH CLASS

August 2024
Miss Lorralie Canape
Miss Jasmin Boscocho