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Early Years

As U.S. involvement in World War I appeared likely, increased manpower requirements necessitated a
Reserve Force to augment the Regulars (Active Duty). On August 29th, 1916, President Woodrow
Wilson signed the Naval Appropriations Act into law, creating the Marine Corps Reserve, which added
more than 7,000 Marines to the fight.

Reserve Marines seamlessly integrated into ground and aviation units, fighting side-
by-side with the Regular Marines during decisive battles such as Belleau Wood,
Soissons, St. Michel, and Meusse-Argonne.
Captain Allen M. Sumner was the
Early Years
first officer to join the Marine Corps
Reserve on March 22nd, 1917.

Reserve Marine’s collective contributions helped turn the tide of


World War I, validating the utility of maintaining a Marine Corps
Reserve to quickly augment and support expeditionary units
deploying anywhere around the globe.
Early Years
Early Years

Patriotism motivated U.S. women, as well as the men, to


join the fight. Beginning in August of 1918, women began
to join the Marine Corps Reserve. Over 300 women were
selectively screened and joined to the Reserve. Women
Marines proved their worth by successfully fulfilling
critical war-time duties.
Between the Wars

2ndLt Ralph Talbot, USMCR


was the first U.S. Marine
aviator to receive the Medal
of Honor for extraordinary
heroism during aerial
combat over France and
Belgium during World War I.

Although the fighting ended in November 1918, Reserve Marines continued to serve with the
American occupation forces. All Reserve Marines were demobilized or discharged by 1922.
Between the World Wars
Between the World Wars
Between the World Wars

In 1925 the Marine Corps Reserve began annual two-week training periods, called “Summer Camps.”
Today, these events are referred to as “Annual Training.”
World War II

The Pacific island-hopping campaign of World


War II required a surge of Reserve Marines
into the Regular forces. Newly-developed
amphibious warfare doctrine required
massive assaults on fortified Japanese
positions. To meet these significant
manpower requirements, the Marine Corps
expanded to a record 485,000 personnel.
World War II

Reserve Marines constituted more than 70 percent of the fighting force during World War II.
World War II
Colonel Ruth Cheney
Streeter, the first Director
of the U.S. Marine Corps
Women’s Reserve. She
earned the Legion of
Merit for “outstanding
services” during World
War II. The Women’s
Reserve was activated on
13 February 1943.

To support critical wartime requirements, more


than 19,000 women joined the Marine Corps
Reserve to “Free a Marine to Fight.” These
pioneering women filled more than 200
occupations, as truck drivers, electricians,
mechanics, cryptographers, painters, parachute
riggers, paymasters and aerial photographers.
World War II

Crucial manpower support came from


the 19,168 African American men who
joined the Marines during the war.
Trained at Montford Point, near Camp
Lejeune, North Carolina, they served as
enlisted men since 1942 and as officers
since 1945. Approximately 8,000
African-American Marines performed
their duties under fire at places like
Saipan, Tinian, and Iwo Jima. Some of
the Montford Point Marines would
continue to serve honorably in the
Reserve Force through the Korean War
and beyond.
World War II

During World War II, Marine Corps Aviation grew to 135


squadrons, 32 aircraft groups, and 5 wings. Its
combined strength of 125,162 officers and enlisted was
comprised mostly of Reserve Marines.

Col. Gregory “Pappy”


Boyington, USMCR was
one of the highest scoring
Aces of World War II.

90% of Marine
Corps flying Aces
were Reservists.
[109 of 121 flyers]
World War II

Reserve Marines endured extreme


tropical conditions, scarce supplies,
and the “fight-to-the-death” tactics
of their Japanese adversaries.

As the Pacific Campaign progressed,


the Marines seized control of crucial
strategic targets like the Solomon,
Marshall, Mariana, Iwo Jima and
Okinawa Islands.
Korean War

When the Korean War erupted the first


mass mobilization of Reserve Marines
commenced. The improved
organizational structure and wartime
experience enabled the Reserve Force to
mobilize and reinforce the First Marine
Division, where they constituted 50
percent of the Force.
Korean War

Reserves and Regulars were


indistinguishable as they fought
side by side. Esprit de corps and
refusal to let another Marine
down motivated all Marines.
Korean War
Korean War
The deployment of the Marine Reserve was pivotal to the Inchon landing, the
battles at Chosin Reservoir, and along critical campaigns of the 38th Parallel.
Cold War

During the Cold War, a robust


Reserve Force acted as a
strategic hedge in case of a
national emergency.
Cold War

The Reserve conducted exercises in


various climes and places for any
national crisis. Training was also
conducted with allied nations around
the world.
Cold War

The Marine Corps Reserve continued to


modernize doctrine, training, vehicles, and
weapon systems, with emphasis placed on
expeditionary and combined arms
capabilities. This led to a Reserve Force
organized, trained and equipped to support
the Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF)
operating concept.
Cold War
Gulf War
Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm proved the Reserve
Component’s ability to deploy as complete units. Reserve units
mirrored Active counterparts in organizational structure, capabilities,
and operational readiness. They distinguished themselves in
offensive operations with close-air support and ground combat,
while also conducting rear-area security, detainee operations, and
engineering support.
Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan

Since September 11th, 2001, through


2014, every Reserve unit activated at
least once with more than 86,000
Reserve Marines mobilized in support of
operations in Iraq, Afghanistan and
across the globe.
Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan

The Reserve Component remains an


integral part of the Total Force,
engaged in the full spectrum of
military operations. Despite today’s
volatile, complex, and uncertain
environment, what remains
constant is the unparalleled ability
of all Marines to accomplish the
mission whenever the Nation calls.
Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan

As a Combat Artist, Staff


Sergeant Kris Battles,
USMCR, was able to
capture in drawings and
paintings those elements of
life in the Marine Corps
which are rarely caught by
photography.
Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan
Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan
Modern Era
Modern Era
Fourth Marine Aircraft Wing
Fourth Marine Aircraft Wing
Fourth Marine Aircraft Wing
Fourth Marine Division
Fourth Marine Division
Fourth Marine Division
Fourth Marine Logistics Group
Fourth Marine Logistics Group
Fourth Marine Logistics Group
Force Headquarters Group
Marine Forces Reserve
Headquarters Battalion
Community Service

Reserve Marines are rooted in


communities through their 161
training sites in 47 states. These
facilities not only ensure Reserve
Marines remain at a high state of
readiness but their geographic
dispersion facilitates a strong bond
with local communities.
Community Service

Marines in the Reserve


Component provide most of the
manpower, organization and
distribution to the annual
children’s charity Toys for Tots,
which provides toys to families in
need. Since its establishment in
1947, Toys for Tots has distributed
more than 500 million toys to
children across the United States.
Community Service

Reserve Marines routinely conduct military


funeral honors, casualty assistance, color
guards, military equipment displays, and
participate in other community events,
thus establishing an inseparable
connection between the community and
the Marine Corps.

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