Fire Fighting Training Updated Slide

Training on
Fire Fighting, Donning & Doffing SCBA Sets and DMP (Roles of First
Observer)
NATIONAL FIRE SCIENCE AND SECURITY

ACADEMY
Emergency
Preparedness
&
Planning
Objective
 Quick relief and rescue operation without delay.
 Know about Basics of Fire.
 Identify, Select & Operate of various type of extinguishers.
 Minimise casualties and prevent further injuries.
 Ensure that each member of the emergency operation including
response team and employees are aware of their role in an emergency.
 How to call Fire Brigade ?

FIRE FIGHTING TRAINING
CONTENTS
THEORY
• BASICS OF FIRE
• BASICS OF SCBA SET
• ROLE OF FIRST OBSERVER AS PER DMP.
PRACTICAL
S
• DONNING & DOFFING OF SCBA SETS
• LIVE EXTINGUISHMENT OF FIRE USING COVER AND FIRE
EXTINGUISHERS.
• FIRE FIGHTING USING CHARGED FIRE HOSES AND BRANCH
PIPE.
Fire Fighting Training

MAJOR CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL FIRES
Electrical Liquids &

Hot Works
Hazards Gases
Equipment & Combustible

Machinery dusts
BASICS OF FIRE – DEFINITION
Fire is defined as a steady state of

exothermic, self catalyzed chemical
reaction with the characteristic ability
to propagate through a combustible
medium, usually a fuel and an oxidizer
generally atmospheric oxygen.
BASICS OF FIRE – FLASH POINT, FIRE POINT & AUTO IGNITION
TEMPERATURE
VAPOUR CONCENTRATION
AUTO
IGNITION
BURNING WITHOUT
IGNITION SOURCE
FIRE POINT
BURNING
CONTINUES AFTER
FLASH POINT REMOVAL OF
IGNITION SOURCE
IGNITION SOURCE
REQUIRED TO
INITIATE BURNING
TEMPERATURE
It takes three things to cause a fire:-
Heat - Or something that is hot.
Fuel - Or something that will burn.
Oxygen - The air that is all around us.

As three lines have to be connected to form a
triangle, the heat, fuel and oxygen have to be
connected to cause a fire.
Ox
at
y
He
ge n
Fuel
We call this a
Ox
at
y
He
ge n
Fuel
If we remove any one side of the triangle,
the fire cannot happen
Remove the HEAT

sources, and there is
nothing hot to start
the fire
Remove the FUEL

sources, and there
is nothing to burn.
Remove the
OXYGEN and there
is nothing to feed the
fire.
Removal of heat.
(Best cooling media is water)
Reducing % of oxygen.
Cutting off the supply of
oxygen. (Blanketing, Use foam)
Removal of fuel or removal of

combustible material
Solid Combustible Substances
Flammable Liquids
Flammable Gases
Metal Fire
It is best suited for fires
involving Solid materials like
wood, paper, coal, plastic,
cloth and rubber. Water
knocks down fire rapidly by
striking, instantly Cooling and
penetrating the most deep
seated ‘A’ class fire.
It is powerful flame knockout agent for
‘spill’ fires involving Flammable liquids
like petrol, paints and other solvents.
Foam extinguishers form a thick blanket
of foam over the burning surface,
effectively cutting off the oxygen supply
there by Smothering the fire and
prevent re-ignition. Foam extinguishers
are effective against
‘A’ & ‘B’ class of fire.
Dry Chemical Powder
Extinguishers are highly
effective against ‘B’ & ‘C’
class fires, specially for
combating three
dimensional or running
fires involving inflammable
liquids like petrol, paints
and gases. They can also
be used on Energized
Electrical Equipments.
Carbon dioxide fire extinguishing media
is highly effective against ‘B’ & ‘C’
class of fire.
They can also be used on

Energized Electrical Equipments.
Always Remember:-
 Do not touch the metal components of the Carbon
Dioxide extinguisher, due to the build up of “dry ice” as
frostbite may occur.
 Avoid pointing Carbon Dioxide extinguisher applicators
at people. If the extinguisher is accidentally operated,
frostbite to the face and eyes may occur.
 After Carbon Dioxide extinguishers have been operated
into a confined space, the level of oxygen will be
reduced and suffocation may occur if the operator
remains or the area is entered prematurely.
 The extinguisher should be
mounted on the wall.
 The area in front of the
extinguisher shall be clear.
No obstructions
 The pressure gauge should
be in the green zone
 The inspection tag should
show that the extinguisher
has been inspected
BASICS OF FIRE – LEL, UEL AND FLAMMABILITY RANGE
LE UE
L L
FLAMMABILITY
RANGE
Substance LEL UEL

Natural Gas 5.3% 15%
Hydrogen 4.1% 74.2%
Ammonia 16% 25%
Acetylene 2.5% 100%
CO 12.5% 74.2%
Remember The Password
P.A.S.S.
Pull the pin
This will allow

you to squeeze
the handle in
order to
discharge the
extinguisher
A
Aim the hose
or nozzle.
Aim at the
base of fire
S
Squeeze the Handle / Lever.
Squeeze the
handle
This will release the

pressurized
extinguishing agent

S
Sweep the
agent
Rules for Fighting Fires
. . . Before deciding to fight the fire, keep
these things in mind:-
1. Know what is burning. If you don’t know what’s

burning, you won’t know what kind of extinguisher to
use.
2. Even if you have an ABC fire extinguisher, there may

be something in the fire that is going to explode or
produce toxic fumes.
. . . before deciding to fight the fire, keep
these things in mind:
3. Is the fire spreading rapidly beyond the point where

it started? The time to use an extinguisher is at the
beginning stages of the fire.
4. If the fire is already spreading quickly, it is best to
simply pull the fire alarm and evacuate the building.
As you evacuate a building, close doors and

windows behind you as you leave. This will
help to slow the spread of smoke and fire.
Do not fight the fire if:
 You don’t have adequate or appropriate

equipment. If you don’t have the correct type or
large enough extinguisher, it is best not to try
fighting the fire.
Always Report the Use of a Fire
Extinguisher
Report any use of a fire extinguisher to ECC as
soon as possible. The extinguisher must be
inspected and refilled to make sure it is ready
for use in an emergency.
What should you do if your
clothes catch on fire?
 Stop - where you are - never run
 DROP to your hands and knees, lie on the
ground with your hands covering your face
 ROLL over and over, back and forward, until
the fire is out
• If the fire is on your sleeves, put your

arms down by your side and roll over and
over, back and forward, until the fire is
out
ROLE OF FIRST OBSERVER
 Shout and warn others about emergency.

 Break the glass of the nearest MCP.
 Inform to shift in-charge about the exact nature and
location of emergency.
 Act as guide to emergency teams (Fire Tender,
Ambulance etc.) till arrival of the other authorities,
ensuring his own safety.

COMMUNICATION MATRIX AT PLANT LEVEL
First
Observer
Shift in-
DGM, SM, charge
SO , AM,
DM – F&S
Unit Plant In-
Head ECC E&QC
charge
Health
Centre Mgr.
AVP (Prod.) (Concerned GM (T)
Plant)
DGM/GM In-charge
AVP (Maint.) (Concerned GAIL (for
Plant) A1/A2)

BREATHING APPARATUS
Full
Name:-
Compressed
Air
Breathing
Apparatus
Components Of B.A. Sets`
Cylinder Containing air at pressure
• Back Plate
• Reducer Assembly
• Pressure Gauge
• Warning Whistle
• Demand Valve
• Associated Piping
Where to use ?
- Term for use of BA “TOSE”

- T- Toxic gas contaminated area
- O- Oxygen deficient
- S-Smoke filled area
- E- Elevated Temperature
Duration Of Use
What Should be the maximum Duration?

BASICS OF SCBA (SELF CONTAINED BREATHING
APPARATUS)
Average Air Consumption by a normal human being = 40
Litres per Minute
Cylinder Capacity is = 6 Litres or 6.8 Litres
Pressure inside the cylinders = 300 Bars or 200 Bars
Safety Duration = 10 Minutes
Calculation of Duration of a BA
Set
Cylinder Capacity X Cylinder
Safety
Pressure
Average consumption Duration
Example
6L X 300 Bars
10 = 35 Minutes
40 Litres per minute Minutes

MUTUAL AID SCHEME
 In emergency services, mutual aid is an agreement among

emergency responders to lend assistance across jurisdictional
boundaries. This may occur due to an emergency response that
exceeds local resources, such as a disaster or a multiple-alarm fire.
EMERGENCY WARNING SYSTEM
The Emergency Alert/warning System is a

national public warning system commonly used by
state and local authorities to deliver important
emergency information, such as weather and
AMBER alerts, to affected communities over
television and radio.
PAGING EMERGENC
SYSTEM ALL CONTROL Y BUZZER
ROOMS
EMERGENCY SIREN SYSTEMS
EMERGENCY SIREN ALL CLEAR SIREN
• Wailing sound for 4 • Continuous sound for

minutes two minutes.
• Activated when the

• 20 seconds up and 10 emergency is brought
seconds down under control.
• Emergency Buzzers • Tested every week
DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

SAFE ASSEMBLY POINTS
In simple language you can define a safe

assembly point is a location where
workmen/staff/people and visitors can
gather in the event of
fire/leak/explosion and other
emergency to ensure everyone is in a
designated safe area. It help you make
sure that people will know where to
gather following an emergency
evacuation.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

PRACTICALS
SCBA Sets Donning &
Doffing and Fire Fighting
Drills…
Let us please assemble at Fire Station

Training Ground..
Dial Fire Brigade Number
Your Name
Provide exact location of Fire

if you know, specify material
involved in Fire
On arrival furnishing the details
to the Fire Brigade & assist
them
101
Health centre - 102

THANK
YOU
THERE’S NO HARM IN HOPING FOR THE BEST
AS LONG AS YOU ARE PREPARED FOR THE
WORST.
Stephen
King

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Training on

NATIONAL FIRE SCIENCE AND SECURITY

 Quick relief and rescue operation without delay.

 Know about Basics of Fire.

 Identify, Select & Operate of various type of extinguishers.

 Minimise casualties and prevent further injuries.

 Ensure that each member of the emergency operation including

response team and employees are aware of their role in an emergency.

 How to call Fire Brigade ?

Fire Fighting Training

Electrical Liquids &

Equipment & Combustible

Fire is defined as a steady state of

Heat - Or something that is hot.

Fuel - Or something that will burn.

Oxygen - The air that is all around us.

Remove the HEAT

Remove the FUEL

Removal of fuel or removal of

They can also be used on

Substance LEL UEL

This will allow

This will release the

1. Know what is burning. If you don’t know what’s

2. Even if you have an ABC fire extinguisher, there may

3. Is the fire spreading rapidly beyond the point where

As you evacuate a building, close doors and

 You don’t have adequate or appropriate

• If the fire is on your sleeves, put your

 Shout and warn others about emergency.

FIRE FIGHTING TRAINING

FIRE FIGHTING TRAINING

- Term for use of BA “TOSE”

What Should be the maximum Duration?

Pressure inside the cylinders = 300 Bars or 200 Bars

Safety Duration = 10 Minutes

FIRE FIGHTING TRAINING

 In emergency services, mutual aid is an agreement among

The Emergency Alert/warning System is a

EMERGENCY SIREN ALL CLEAR SIREN

• Wailing sound for 4 • Continuous sound for

• Activated when the

• Emergency Buzzers • Tested every week

DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

In simple language you can define a safe

DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

Let us please assemble at Fire Station

Provide exact location of Fire

Health centre - 102

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