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    5b Chemical Energetics - IGCSE Chemistry (0620)

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    Ahmed Ali

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    5b Chemical Energetics - IGCSE Chemistry (0620)

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    Ahmed Ali
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    5 views21 pages

    5b Chemical Energetics - IGCSE Chemistry (0620)

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Ali

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    Unit 5:

    Chemical Energetics
    Energy, Enthalpy & Bond energy

    BY: AHMED ALI KHAN


    IGCSE CHEMISTRY (0620) LECTURE
    SERIES
    Bond energy (enthalpy)
    calculations
    Do now:
    Check your answer
    Endothermic or exothermic?
    There will always be a balance between the energy needed to
    break bonds and the energy given out in the formation of
    bonds.

    If the energy needed to break bonds is higher than the


    energy given out in the formation of bonds, then the reaction
    will be endothermic.

    If the energy given out in the formation of bonds is higher


    than the energy needed to break bonds, then the reaction will
    be exothermic.
    Energy vs enthalpy
    Energy is the measurement we usually do e.g. in the
    classroom. It is measured in Joules (J).
    Enthalpy is the energy per mole, and this is usually
    kJ/mol (although can be J/mol).

    We can measure the energy of


    a reaction using the the Q =
    mcΔT.

    Whereas enthalpy would be


    ΔH = Q/n (where n is number
    of moles).

    We will look at this more in


    Bond enthalpy
    The energy needed to make or break a bond is called
    bond energy. The energy will be the same either way.
    You do not need to know these, they will always
    be given to you. The units are kJ/mol.

    E.g.
    Calculating bond energy
    In order to calculate if a reaction is exothermic or
    endothermic using the bonds, you need to use (and
    learn) the following equation:

    Overall energy change = ∑(bond energy of


    reactants) - ∑(bond energy of products)

    Can be simplified to

    Energy change = ∑(reactants) - ∑(products)


    Worked example

    TIP
    Dra
    mo
    bon
    Energy change = ∑(reactants) - ∑(products) not

    Energy change = [4(C-H)+2(O=O)] - [2(C=O)+4(H-O)]


    = [4(413) + 2(498)] - [2(805) + 4(464)]
    = [1652 + 996] - [1610 + 1856]
    = 2648 - 3466
    = -818 kJ/mol
    Try it for yourself
    Mark you work
    Energy change = ∑(reactants) - ∑(products)
    1. Energy change = [(H-H) + (Cl-Cl)] - [2(H-Cl)]
    = [(436) + (242)] - [2(431)]
    = 678 - 862
    = - 184 kJ/mol
    EXOTHERMIC

    2. Energy change = [(C=C) + 4(C-H) + (F-F)] - [(C-C) + 4(C-H) + 2(C-F)]


    = [(614) + 4(413) + (155)] -
    [(348)+ 4(413) + 2(485)]
    = 2421 - 2970
    = - 549 kJ/mol
    EXOTHERMIC

    3. Energy change = [6(C-H)+ 2(C-O)+ 2(O-H)] - [6(C-H)+ 2(C-O)+ 2(O-


    H)]
    = [6(413) + 2(358)+ 2(463)] -
    Mark you work
    Energy change = ∑(reactants) - ∑(products)

    4. Energy change = [(C-H) + 3(C-Cl)] - [2(C-Cl) +(C=O) + (H-Cl)]


    = [(413) + 3(328)] - [2(328) +
    (799) + (431)]
    = 1397 - 1886
    = - 489 kJ/mol
    EXOTHERMIC

    5. Energy change = [4(C-H) + 2(O=O)] - [2(C=O) + 4(O-H)]


    = [4(413) + 2(495)] - [2(799) +
    4(463)]
    = 2642 - 3450
    = - 808 kJ/mol
    EXOTHERMIC
    Challenging questions
    (optional)

    TIP:
    Drawing out the molecules
    with the bonds will help
    you to not make
    mistakes!!!
    Exam question
    Mark scheme
    Exam question
    Mark scheme
    Exam question
    Mark scheme
    Exam question
    Mark scheme

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