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Chapter 8
Business strategy: meaning
and purpose • In simple terms a strategy is ‘how we get from where we are now to where we want to be in the future’. A successful business will have SMART objectives. Its business strategy will be a clear plan and set of policies that should help it focus on achieving these aims. Business strategy asks the big questions, such as, ‘Which markets and products do we want to be in?’ It also makes the big decisions, such as, ‘Can we expand from manufacturing operations into retailing?’ All businesses need strategies to provide integration, direction and focus. Establishing business strategy Strategic management: meaning and purpose The need for strategic management If a business did not undertake strategic management, it would fail to: • plan for the future
• respond logically to the changing business environment
• make effective long-term decisions based on clear objectives.
Strategy and tactics • Strategic management is the highest level of managerial activity. It is undertaken by, or at least closely supervised by, the chief executive officer and approved by the board of directors. • Tactics, on the other hand, are concerned with making smaller-scale decisions aimed at reaching more limited and measurable goals, which themselves are part of the longer-term strategic aim. Approaches to developing business strategy • Blue ocean strategy- One that exploits uncontested market space through product differentiation and low cost. • Red ocean strategy- one that competes with rivals in existing markets. • Scenario planning- Identifying possible future situations and how the business might respond to them. • SWOT analysis- A form of strategic analysis that identifies and analyses the main internal strengths and weaknesses, and external opportunities and threats, that will influence the future direction and success of a business. • PEST analysis- the strategic analysis of a firm’s macro environment,including political , economic, social and technological factors. • Porter’s five forces analysis- A technique for analysing competitive forces within an industry. (Barriers to entry, The power of buyers, The power of suppliers, The threat of substitutes and Competitive rivalry) • Core competencies- An important business capability that gives a firm competitive advantage. • The Ansoff matrix- A model used to show the degree of risk associated with the four growth strategies of market penetration, market development, product development and diversification. • Force-field analysis- a technique for identifying and analysing the positive factors that support a decision (driving forces) and negative factors that constrain it (restraining forces). • Decision trees- a diagram that sets out the options connected with a decision and the outcomes and economic returns that may result. Porter’s five forces analysis Core competencies- An important business capability that gives a firm competitive advantage. The Ansoff matrix Force-field analysis
(Springer Series in Materials Science 200) Ilya V. Shadrivov, Mikhail Lapine, Yuri S. Kivshar (Eds.) - Nonlinear, Tunable and Active Metamaterials-Springer International Publishing (2015) PDF