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    Power System Analysis-Lec06

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    mohamed

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    Power System Analysis-Lec06

    Uploaded by

    mohamed
    9 views16 pages

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    Power system analysis-lec06

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    9 views16 pages

    Power System Analysis-Lec06

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    ‫بسم الله الرحمن‬

    ‫الرحيم‬

    Sudan University of Science and Technology (SUST)-


    School of Electrical and Nuclear Engineering
    M.Sc. (Power)
    Course Name: Power System Analysis
    Course Code : EE601

    Lec:06

    Dr. Mohammed Osman Hassan

    Saturday, November 23, 20 1


    24
    Load Frequency control
    Types turbine representation
    Steam turbine
    Non-reheat.
    Tandem compound, Single reheat
    Tandem compound, Double reheat
    Cross compound, Single reheat with two LP turbines
    Cross compound, Single reheat with Single LP turbines
    Cross compound, Double reheat
    Hydraulic turbines.

    Saturday, November 23, 20 2


    24
    Non-reheat Steam turbine.
    Control
    signal
    ∆PCV Steam steam
    Chest

    Valve

    Figure(10)- Bock diagram ∆PT

    representation of a simple non-


    Turbine
    reheat steam turbine
    Steam (to condenser)

    After passing through the control valve, the high pressure steam enters
    the turbine through the steam-chest. The chest introduces a time delay of TCH
    in the steam flow resulting in transfer function
    6
    [TCH  0.2- 0.5 sec. ]
    Saturday, November 23, 20 3
    24
    Reheat steam turbine
    Control
    signal ∆PCV steam
    Steam
    Chest

    Control Valve
    Negligible delay
    ∆PT

    Figure (11) - Block representation


    of a simple reheat steam turbine HP LP
    section section
    Steam (to condenser)
    Has several turbine stages between which steam is led via reheaters. This
    design increases power plant efficiency and is usually accepted in large
    power plants.
    Assume
    that two stages in fig(11) are rated at half total power each
    and the reheater can be represented by a time delay T RH, Then

    Saturday, November 23, 20 4


    24
    Total turbine power then given by
    7

    The overall transfer function is

    [TRH  3- 10 sec. , thus this turbine response is of slow type ]

    Saturday, November 23, 20 5


    24
    Saturday, November 23, 20 6
    24
    Figure(12)-

    Saturday, November 23, 20 7


    24
    Saturday, November 23, 20 8
    24
    Figure(13)-
    Saturday, November 23, 20 9
    24
    Saturday, November 23, 20 10
    24
    Hydro-turbine
    Depending upon the magnitude of water head (i.e. low head, medium head,
    high head), hydro-turbines have varying designs. However, the transfer
    function, in general, can be expressed as

    9
    Where: Tps  is the time of water taking to pass through the penstock

    Dam

    Head

    Penstock ∆PT

    ∆PCV
    Figure (14) - Block diagram representation of
    a simple hydro-turbine turbine

    Saturday, November 23, 20 11


    24
    Steady- state performance of the speed governing system
    (a) For an isolated system
    The Prim. ALFC loop being open
    s  0, G(A) and G(T)  unity
    governing control equation is given by

    10

    [ c = constant I/P signals ]


    Network being finite, terminal voltage and frequency become
    variable. speed changer setting being constant

    11

    Saturday, November 23, 20 12


    24
    For a fixed setting of speed changer:
    The static increase in the turbine power O/P is directly proportional
    to the steady state drop in frequency.
    From eq.( 11) [ r = -(∆fC/∆PTC), i.e. the regulation in this case is the
    ratio of drop in frequency to the change of turbine power setting.

    12

    13

    Saturday, November 23, 20 13


    24
    Saturday, November 23, 20 14
    24
    14

    Thus

    15

    Saturday, November 23, 20 15


    24
    [ (∆f/∆frated) represents the system frequency change in p.u ]

    15

    Saturday, November 23, 20 16


    24

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