Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 4 views

    Chapter 1

    Uploaded by

    omer ali

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Chapter 1

    Uploaded by

    omer ali
    4 views30 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    4 views30 pages

    Chapter 1

    Uploaded by

    omer ali

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 30

    Chapter 1

    Basic Concepts of
    Pharmacology
    Chapter 1 Topics

    • Receptors
    • Mechanisms of Drug Action
    • Pharmacokinetics
    • Drug Effects
    Learning Objectives
    • Understand receptors and their function in
    mechanisms of drug actions.
    • Be aware of the pharmacokinetics
    involved in developing and testing drugs.
    • Understand that some drug effects are
    beneficial whereas others can be harmful.
    • Be familiar with the common terms used to
    describe drug interactions.
    Receptors
    • A receptor is a protein molecule on the
    surface of or within a cell that recognizes
    and binds with specific molecules
    Mechanisms of Drug Action
    Agonist

    An agonist is a drug that binds to a particular


    receptor site .
    Mechanisms of Drug Action
    Antagonist

    An antagonist is a drug that binds to a


    receptor site and blocks the action of the
    endogenous messenger or other drugs.
    Pharmacokinetics
    • Activity of a drug within the body over a
    period of time.
    • Includes ADME
    Pharmacokinetics
    • Activity of a drug within the body over a
    period of time
    • Includes ADME
    – absorption
    – distribution
    – metabolism
    – elimination
    Pharmacokinetics
    Absorption
    Process whereby the drug enters the circulatory
    system
    Pharmacokinetics
    Distribution
    Process by which a drug moves from the blood
    into other body :organs and tissues .
    Pharmacokinetics
    Metabolism
    Process by which drugs are chemically converted
    to compounds and then excreted through
    metabolic pathways.
    Pharmacokinetics
    Elimination
    Clearance is the rate at which a drug is
    eliminated from a specific volume of blood per
    unit of time.
    Discussion
    What are the primary sites of
    elimination in the body?
    Discussion
    What are the primary sites of
    elimination in the body?

    Answer: The kidney and the liver, but


    can also be exhaled by the lungs.
    Pharmacokinetics
    Therapeutic Range
    Pharmacokinetics
    Duration of Action
    Discussion
    How is a drug’s volume of
    distribution, clearance, and half-life
    used in dosing drugs?
    Discussion
    How is a drug’s volume of distribution,
    clearance, and half-life used in dosing
    drugs?

    Answer: Volume of distribution is


    important for calculating the loading dose,
    clearance for calculating the maintenance
    dose, and half-life for determining the
    dosing interval.
    Pharmacokinetics
    Pharmacokinetic Modeling
    Method of describing the process of ADME of a
    drug within the body
    Drug Effects
    Beneficial Responses
    Drug Effects
    Beneficial Responses
    – Therapeutic Effect
    The action for which the drug is prescribed
    Drug Effects
    Beneficial Responses
    – Therapeutic Effect
    The action for which the drug is prescribed
    – Local Effect
    Confined to a specific part of the body
    Drug Effects
    Beneficial Responses
    – Therapeutic Effect
    The action for which the drug is prescribed
    – Local Effect
    Confined to a specific part of the body
    – Systemic Effect
    Generalized
    Discussion
    What are some of the issues a
    healthcare practitioner considers
    when selecting a drug for an
    individual patient?
    Drug Effects
    When choosing a drug for a patient, a
    healthcare practitioner considers:
    Indications
    The diseases, symptoms, and conditions for which the
    drug is known to be of benefit
    Contraindications
    The diseases, symptoms, and conditions for which the
    drug will not be beneficial and may do harm
    Drug Effects
    Side Effects
    Secondary responses to a drug other than the
    primary therapeutic effect for which the drug was
    intended
    • Allergic responses
    • Drug dependence, addiction, abuse, and tolerance
    Common Drug Relationships
    Addition The combined effect of two drugs.

    Antagonism The action of one drug combined


    the action of a second drug.
    Discussion
    Why is it important for the pharmacy
    to have a complete list of all of the
    prescription drugs, medications,
    vitamins, that a patient is taking?
    Questions?
    Thanks

    You might also like