Chapter 1 Thermal Power Plant
Chapter 1 Thermal Power Plant
Chapter 1 Thermal Power Plant
By,
Rushi S. Ghori
SSASIT, Surat
Power Plant Engineering
• Type of course: Professional Core
• Prerequisite: Thermodynamics& Heat Transfer
• Rationale: Providing an overview of Power Plants and detailing the role of Mechanical
Engineers in their operation and maintenance and to address the underlying
concepts, methods and application of different Thermal Power Plants.
What is Power Plant?
Introduction
• Power plant is an assembly of equipment that produces and delivers
mechanical and electrical energy.
• Nuclear power plant is recently being in developing phase and its requires
advance technological development and fuel resources.
• The common sources of energy in our country are coal, water, oil and gas.
Introduction
• coal is the most important commercial sources of energy in India.
• Thermal power generation can be most reliable because coal reserves in our
country are sufficient to last for hundreds of year.
• Capacity factor is the ratio of avg. power of generating plant to rated power over
given time interval.
• Large capacity plant, working more than 5000 full power hours working per year.
• Working average is less than 2000 full power hours per year.
• This plant is operated only to meet the power demands at a time of maximum
demand
• These plants are set up by state electricity boards, central and state
governments, public sector organizations like National thermal power
corporation (NTPC), National Hydro-electric power corporation (NHPC),
Public-private sectors (combined).
Captive Power Plant
• These type of power plant are run by manufacturing company for its
own used and its output is not available for general sale.
3. Generator 4. Condenser
• Plant should be located near to coal mines in order to save coal transportation
costs.
• If plant is located away from coal mines it may create problems due to failure
of transportation system or strike at mines etc.
• In case it is not possible to locate the plant near the coal mines, then plant
should be located near the railway station.
2. Availability of water(100 MW-30000-50000 tones/hr)
• Plant should be located near to water source which will be able to supply required quantity
of water throughout the year.
• If site as near the coal mines, it can be dumped into the disused mines.
• In case of site located near river, sea or lakes ash can be dumped into it.
• Presently ash from power station is used for many industrial processes and brick making
for construction work.
4. Land requirement(100 MW-300-500 acres)
5. Future extensions
6. Nature of land
7. Load center
8. Transport facilities
9. Availability of labor
• India’s total mean annual river flows are about 1675* () of which the usable resources
are 555*.
• Out of this 60% contributions from himanalyan rivers (Ganga, Indus and Brahmaputra),
16% from central rivers (Narmada, Tapti and Mahanadi)
• Oil reserves.
• India has vast reserves of natural gas estimated at over one hundred billion .
Role of public sectors in
development in India
• NTPC (National Thermal Power Corporation): 28.60% of entire electricity
generated in country . Capacity 33970 MW
• REC (Rural Electrification Co.): REC was set up in 1969, with primary object of
promoting rural electrification by financing rural electrification schemes and
rural electric cooperatives in the states.
Different power plant near to Surat
• Surat Lignite Power Plants (GIPCL-Gujarat Industrial Power Co. LTD) 125*4 =500 MW
Nani Naroli
Taluka : Mangrol
Distt Surat
Gujarat
Efficiency:
• Shaft Work: = =
Wnet = Wout - Win = (h3-h4) - (h2-h1)
Rankine Cycle with Reheat
High
-P Low-P
•The optimal way of increasing the turbi turbin
boiler pressure but not increase the ne e
moisture content in the exiting vapor
is to reheat the vapor after it exits from
a first-stage turbine and redirect this
reheated vapor into a second turbine.
pump
Advantages
• It improves the thermal efficiency.
•It increases the network output of the turbnine.
•It reduce the steam rate per KWh.
Disadvantages
•To increse the cost and size of plant due to inclusion of reheater and its
long piping.
•Increases the size of condenser based on unit mass flow of steam due to
improved quality of steam at exhaust from L.P. turbine.
Re-generation Rankine Cycle
Disadvantages
• The cost of the plant increases.
• Boiler size increases because of the capacity.
Thank You