Beginning of The Modern World

BEGINNING OF
THE MODERN
WORLD
PROJECT BY~ ARADHYA AGRAWAL, BHARGAVI KAURAV SINGH, AYUSH

MOHNANI, AVIKA KATARE
A PERIOD OF TRANSITION
 The period between the end of the Medieval Age and the
beginning of the Modern Age is called the period of transition.
 Historians regard the period around 15th century as the age

of transition from the medieval to the modern way of life.
Such a transition has conventionally been considered valid
only for the European society as many of the crucial events
responsible for this transition had profound effects on Europe.
SOURCES OF MODERN
PERIOD HISTORY
• There exists a lot of evidence or objects
which can be used to obtain information
about the past.
• These objects or evidence which can be
used to study history are called sources.
• They can be classified into:-
MATERIAL RESOURCES WRITTEN SCRIPTURES
 Historical buildings  Books

 Paintings  Government Documents
 Statues and Sculptures  Files and Research papers
 Newspapers and
Magazines
DISCOVERIES IN MODERN TIMELINE
A part of the early modern period largely overlaps with the Age of Sail, which was a period
from approximately the 15th century to the 17th century, during which seafarers from a
number of European countries explored, colonized, and conquered regions across the
globe.
In 1492, Christopher Columbus's planned to sail west to reach

the Indies by crossing the Atlantic. While doing so, Columbus encountered
a continent uncharted by most Europeans (though it had begun to be
explored and was temporarily colonized by the Norse starting about 500
years earlier). Later, it was called America after Amerigo Vespucci, who
was a trader working for Portugal.
In 1498, a Portuguese expedition commanded by Vasco da

Gama reached India by sailing around Africa, opening up direct trade with
Asia.
TRANSITION IN EUROPE IN
MODERN PERIOD
1. Historical periods differ from country to

country depending on the stage of
development of that region.
2. In Europe that period started in the 15th
century ,while in India it started in the mid-
18th century .
3. The period of transition from dark ages to
modern Europe lasted almost 3
centuries(1300 to 1600). It started in the
14th century CE and went on till the 17th
century CE.
4. This movement representing a new spirit in
every field of life, is referred as to the
Renaissance. It is a French word which
means ‘rebirth’.
EMINENT SCHOLARS
• Eminent scholars are recognized for their scientific knowledge and entrepreneurial spirit
to enhance the innovative research that leads to economic gains.
• Eminent scholars are either members of or likely candidates for the national academy of
sciences or other prominent national academic science organizations.
.
 John Wycliffe and John Huss exposed the evils of the church through
their writing and suggested reforms. Their ideas aroused the conscience
of the people and spread awareness about the real character of the
Roman Catholic Church.
RISE OF STRONG RULERS
AND NATIONAL
CONSCIOUSNESS
• With the decline of feudalism in Europe strong rulers emerged.
• They defied the authority of the pope and refused to let him interferon
their administrative affairs, they resented the papal taxes and the drain
of their wealth to Rome in the form of papal taxes.
• As national consciousness began to take shape in Europe, the people of
nation states wanted their own ruler so that they could be independent
and free from papal control.
• They also wanted their own national churches.
• The immediate cause of the reformation was a protest movement from
Martin Luther.
LIFE OF MARTIN LUTHER
 Birth:- 10 November 1483, Eisleben, Germany
Death:- 18 February 1546, Eisleben, Germany
 Martin Luther was a German Christian monk,

preacher and professor of theology at university of
Wittenberg.
 Regarding Scripture, he argued the Bible

alone (sola scriptura) is our ultimate
authority for faith and practice. Regarding
justification, he taught we are saved solely
through faith in Jesus Christ because of
God's grace and Christ's merit
IMPACT OF REFORMATION
The Reformation ended the religious
homogeneity and made religious diversity to
be a relevant reality in Europe. From then on,
Christianity integrated many cultures and was
expressed in various languages.
Civil wars broke out between
Catholics and Protestants
Religious Intolerance
Religious persecution of the
Protestants in England which led
to migration.
RISE OF NATION STATES BASED
ON ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
It is the considered view of historians

that nationalism in the modern sense
emerged with the growth
of industrial capitalism or print
capitalism and was then sustained by
a variety of factors — by notions of
community based on language,
ethnicity or religion or by the rivalry
and competition among states and
imagined communities
Conclusion
To conclude-
• The modern period began around the mid-18th century

• evidence which can be used to study history are called sources
• There are many discoveries in the modern period which have cause major development
(urbanization)
• There were many eminent scholars which fought against the wrong
• There was rise of strong rulers and national consciousness
• There was rise of nation states based on economic conditions
BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Wikipedia [ martin luther ]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther
• history coursebook
• internet
THANK
YOU

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BEGINNING OF

PROJECT BY~ ARADHYA AGRAWAL, BHARGAVI KAURAV SINGH, AYUSH

 Historians regard the period around 15th century as the age

 Historical buildings  Books

In 1492, Christopher Columbus's planned to sail west to reach

In 1498, a Portuguese expedition commanded by Vasco da

1. Historical periods differ from country to

 Martin Luther was a German Christian monk,

 Regarding Scripture, he argued the Bible

It is the considered view of historians

• The modern period began around the mid-18th century

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