CIRCLES

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CIRCLES

QUARTER 2
CIRCLE

Circle is the set of all


points in a plane at a given
distance from a fixed point
(center). It is named by its
center.
RADIUS

A radius of a circle is a
line segment from the
center to any point on the
circle
CHORD

A chord of a circle is a
line segment whose
endpoints lie on the circle.
DIAMETER

A diameter of a circle
is a chord containing the
center of the circle. The
length of a diameter is
twice the radius of the
circle.
MINOR ARC

A minor arc of a circle


is the set of points on the
circle which lie in the
interior of the central
angle. Its measure is less
than the measure of a
semi-circle.
SEMI-CIRCLE

A semi-circle (half of a
circle) is an arc formed by
the diameter.
MAJOR ARC

A major arc is the


union of the endpoints in
the exterior of the central
angle. Its measure is
greater than the measure
of a semi-circle.
CENTRAL ANGLE

Central angle of a
circle is an angle whose
vertex is the center of the
circle.
INSCRIBED ANGLE

Inscribed angle is an
angle whose vertex is a
point on the circle.
TANGENT

A tangent line is a line


that intersects the circle at
exactly one point. The point
of intersection is called the
point of tangency.
SECANT

A secant of a circle is
a line that intersects the
circle at two points.
TRY THIS!
TRY THIS!
1. INSCRIBED ANGLE
2. RADIUS
3. CHORD
4. MAJOR ARC
5. SEMI-CIRCLE
6. MINOR ARC
7. SECANT
8. CENTRAL ANGLE
9. DIAMETER
10.TANGENT
ACTIVITY 4
ACTIVITY 4
Definition
 The degree measure of minor arc is equal to the
degree measure of the central angle.

 The degree measure of major arc is equal to


minus the degree measure of the central angle.

 The degree measure of a semicircle is equal to .


Postulate: The measure of a central angle of a
circle is equal to the measure of its
intercepted arc.

Intercepted Arc – the arc that


lies in the interior of an
inscribed angle or a central
angle and has endpoints on
the angle
Sum of Central Angles

 The sum of the


measures of the
central angles of a
circle with no common
interior points is .
Arc Addition Postulate
The measure of an arc formed by two adjacent arcs is the
sum of the measures of the two arcs.

 In the figure,

 If and
then
Theorem 1: In a circle or congruent circles,
two minor arcs are congruent if and only if
their corresponding central angles are
congruent.

 In , on the right, .
Since the two central angles are
congruent, the minor arcs they
intercept are also congruent.
Hence, .
TRY THIS!
 Using the figure, find the
measures of the following:
Theorem 2: In a circle or congruent circles,
two minor arcs are congruent if and only if
their corresponding chords are congruent.

 In on the right,
. Since the two chords are
congruent, then .
 If and,
,
then
Theorem 3: In a circle, a diameter bisects a
chord and an arc with the same endpoints if
and only if it is perpendicular to the chord.

 In on the right, is a
diameter and is a chord. If ,
then and
TRY THIS!
ACTIVITY 5
Theorem 4: The measure of an inscribed
angle is one-half the measure of its
intercepted arc.
 If , what is


𝑚 ∠ 𝐵𝐴𝐶=
1
2
(
𝑚 𝐵𝐶 )
Theorem 5: If two inscribed angles of a circle or of
congruent circles intercept congruent arcs or the
same arc, then the angles are congruent.

 In , if and are inscribed


angles intercepted by ,
then,
Theorem 6: If an inscribed angle of a circle
intercepts a semicircle, then the angle is a
right angle.

 In , is an inscribed
angle intercepted by
semicircle , then is a
right angle. Thus,
Theorem 7: If a quadrilateral is inscribed in a
circle, then its opposite angles are
supplementary.
TRY THIS!
Theorems on Secants,
Tangents, Segments,
and Sectors of a Circle
Theorem 1
 If a line is tangent to a circle, then it is
perpendicular to the radius drawn to the point of
tangency. Conversely, if a line is perpendicular
to a radius of a circle at its endpoint that is on
the circle, then the line is tangent to the circle.
 Example: Given and are tangents to , and
 , find
TRY THIS!
Theorem 2
 If two segments from the same exterior
point are tangent to a circle, then the segments
are congruent.
Example: Using the same figure,
Solve for the value of .

Solution: Since
TRY THIS!
Theorem 3
 If two tangents intersect in the exterior of
the circle, then the measure of the angle formed
is one-half the positive difference of the
measures of the intercepted arcs.
 Example: In the figure, and are tangents to ,
and is the angle formed in the exterior of the
circle. If , find .
TRY THIS!
Theorem 4
 If a secant and a tangent intersect in the
exterior of a circle, then the measure of the
angle formed is one-half the positive difference
of the measures of the intercepted arcs.
 Example: , intersecting on the exterior of the
circle at point E, where are the intercepted arcs
of . If find
TRY THIS!
Theorem 7
 If two secants intersect in the exterior of a
circle, then the measure of the angle formed if
one-half the positive difference of the measures
of the intercepted arcs.
 Example: In the figure, FE and BE are secants to
circle A, and =45°. What is the measure of
∠BEF?
TRY THIS!
Theorem 5
 If a tangent segment and a secant segment
are drawn to a circle from an exterior point, then
the square of the length of the tangent segment
is equal to the product of the lengths of the
secant segment and its external secant
segment.
Theorem 6
 If a secant and a tangent intersect at the
point of tangency, then the measure of each
angle formed is one-half the measure of its
intercepted arc.
 Example: In the figure, is tangent, and is secant
to circle A, and they intersect at the point of
tangency which is at point B. If , and find
m∠EBD, and m∠FBD.

Since is the intercepted arc


of , then , and is the
intercepted arc of , then .
TRY THIS!
 Example: is a secant and is tangent to the
circle from exterior point E. If and , find
TRY THIS!
TRY THIS!
Theorem 8
 If two secant segments are drawn to a circle
from an exterior point, then the product of the
lengths of one secant segment and its external
secant segment is equal to the product of the
lengths of the other segment and its external
secant segment.
 Example: In the figure, FE and BE are secants to
circle A. FG = 21, GE = 9, DE = 10, and BD = x.
What is the value of x.
TRY THIS!
TRY THIS!
Theorem 9
 If two secants intersect in the interior of a
circle, then the measure of an angle formed is
one-half the sum of the measure of the arcs
intercepted by the angle and its vertical angle.
 Example: In the figure, FG and BD are two secants intersecting
inside circle A. are the intercepted arcs of the vertical angles and .
Likewise, are the intercepted arcs of the vertical angles and . , find
and .

Since and are supplementary


angles, then
TRY THIS!
TRY THIS!

2
Theorem 10
 If two chords of a circle intersect, then the
product of the measure of the segments of one
chord is equal to the product of the measures of
the segments of the other chord.
 Example: Using the same figure, EF = 8, DE = 4, BE
= 10, what is the measure of GE?
TRY THIS!
 In the figure, chords SN
and DL intersect at point
A inside the circle.
 If , , and , how long is ?
TRY THIS!
Solving Problems
Involving Circles
A circular garden has
pathways that are
tangent to the garden,
whose center is 10
meters away from the
entrance, as shown in
the figure. If the radius
of the circular garden is
5 meters, how long is
each pathway?
A family tied a pair of
ropes to their circular
pool to serve as a guide
for their children who are
practicing how to swim.
The figure shows that the
ropes intersect at the
interior forming segment.
Find the missing segment
measure of the rope in
meters.
 A circular weaved
winnower is supported
by a pair of sturdy
rattan that intersects
at its back as shown in
the figure. Find the
missing length.
 A circular mirror is
hung such that the
strings are tangent to
the circle, as shown in
the figure. If the major
arc measures 240°,
find the measure of
the angle formed by
the strings.
 In a circular board, an
elastic band is tied to
different points of the
circle namely points S and
E. The band is then
stretched to a certain
point outside the circle
forming secants SY and
EY. If SY= 15cm, TY= 6cm,
and LY= 7cm, what is the
length of secant EY? Refer
to the figure at the right.

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