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    LO2 Part 2 Understand the Principles of Flight

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    LO2 Part 2 Understand the Principles of Flight

    Uploaded by

    thorneycroftjosiah67
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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    2 views43 pages

    LO2 Part 2 Understand the Principles of Flight

    Uploaded by

    thorneycroftjosiah67

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    Uncontrolled copy not subject to amendment

    Principles of Flight

    Learning Outcome 2
    Understand how the stability and
    manoeuvrability of an aeroplane are controlled

    Part 2: Explain how flaps, slats and airbrakes


    are used by an aircraft during landing

    Revision 2.00
    Principles of Flight

    Revision
    Questions for you …..
    1. What are the three planes of an aircraft’s
    movement?

    a. Pitching, lateral and rolling

    b. Pitching, rolling and yawing

    c. Yawing, longitudinal and rolling

    d. Longitudinal, lateral and normal


    2. Which one of the following will REDUCE lateral
    stability?

    a. Dihedral

    b. A large fin

    c. Sweepback

    d. Anhedral
    3. What are the 3 axes about which an aircraft
    can move?

    a. Pitching, lateral and longitudinal

    b. Pitching, rolling and yawing

    c. Yawing, longitudinal and normal

    d. Longitudinal, lateral and normal


    4. Which three terms describe static stability?

    a. Stable, Neutral and Unstable

    b. Stable, Rolling and Unstable

    c. Yawing, Neutral and Stable

    d. Neutral, Unstable and Pitching


    High lift devices (flaps)

    or

    Lift augmentation
    High lift devices
    Objectives:
    1. Describe the principle operation of trailing edge
    flaps
    2. State the following for trailing edge flaps:
    location, effects on lift, effects on drag, types,
    advantages and uses
    3. Describe the principle operation of leading edge
    slats
    4. State the advantages of slats with reference to
    stalling speed, stalling angle and drag
    High lift devices
    Why do we need high lift devices?
    • High lift devices come in many shapes and
    forms
    • They are mounted on the leading and trailing
    edges of wings
    • They create more lift at lower speeds to allow
    lower take-off and landing speeds
    • The aircraft nose will be lower, allowing a better
    view for the Pilot

    But how do they work?


    Lift augmentation
    Weight (constant) = Lift (constant)
    = CL½ρV2S
    At minimum speed
    = CLMAX½ρV2MINS

    To further reduce the minimum speed?


    Raise the value of CLMAX

    This is the purpose of lift augmentation


    Methods of lift augmentation

    Flaps (trailing edge and


    leading edge)

    Slats and slots


    Flaps
    1. Plain flap

    50% increase CLMAX Critical angle 12o


    2. Split flap

    60% increase CLMAX Critical angle 14o


    Nimrod

    Split flap
    3. Slotted flap

    65%iIncrease CLMAX Critical angle 16o


    4. Blown flap

    80% increase CLMAX Critical angle 16o


    5. Fowler flap

    90% increase CLMAX Critical angle 15o


    6. Krueger flap

    50% increase CLMAX Critical angle 25o


    7. “Droop Snoot” flap

    50% increase CLMAX Critical angle 20o


    Slats
    Automatic slat

    70% increase CLMAX Critical angle 25o


    2. Fixed slat

    50% increase CLMAX Critical angle 20o


    Slot

    40% increase CLMAX Critical angle 20o


    Lift augmentation

    Effects on CL
    CL
    Basic aerofoil section

    α
    CL Trailing edge flap

    Basic aerofoil section

    α
    CL
    Leading edge flap

    Basic aerofoil section

    α
    CL Slat or slot

    Basic aerofoil section

    α
    CL

    Basic aerofoil section


    Trailing edge flap
    Leading edge flap
    Slat or slot

    α
    Flaps
    What about drag?
    30o
    Flaps 90
    60

    Flap Lift Drag


    30o Large increase Small increase
    60o Small increase Large increase
    90o No sig increase V large increase
    Any questions?
    Questions for you …..
    1. What effect does a trailing edge flap have on the
    stalling speed?

    a. Higher

    b. Lower

    c. The same

    d. No difference
    2. One type of leading edge flap is:

    a. Plain

    b. Slot

    c. Split

    d. Krueger
    3. What are some of the high lift devices on the leading
    edge called?

    a. Plain flaps

    b. Ailerons

    c. Slats

    d. Split flaps

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