Introduction to

Engineering/Drawing
Course Code: GEE111
Course Lecturers: Mr.
Ikalumhe w. o

Nature of Engineering

Mr Ikalumhe
15/11/2022
 WHO ARE ENGINEERS
 Engineers are women and men, young and old.
 They are consultants, teachers, and technical sales representatives.
 They work for small companies and large companies.
 Many start their own companies.
 They work in industrial plants and research labs.
 Some engineers work in an office; some work in production and manufacturing
facilities; others spend most of their time working outdoors, and some engineers do a
great deal of travel.
 Engineers need a college degree, and many choose to acquire advanced specialization
by pursuing a master’s or PhD degree.
 Others choose to pursue an engineering degree because it provides them with both a
solid technical background and strong critical thinking skills that support them in other
fields such as law, medicine, business, and public service.
 You may have also noticed that Engineers can make a good income, that they often
work in teams, and that those teams are composed of people from around the world. In
In addition to that,
 Engineers frequently work on multiple projects simultaneously (multitasking), and
most of those projects have different tasks and corresponding deadlines.
 Engineers also usually work with one or more teams simultaneously, where each
team member has different skills and responsibilities.
 Task deadlines are critical to the success of most projects.
 Sometimes missing a deadline can cause an entire project to be cancelled, or may
result in the loss of significant revenue.
 For example, imagine that you are on a team designing a new video game controller.
If you do not finish the design, testing and manufacture of the product, your
company may miss the holiday season in which the majority of product sales will
occur.
 Or perhaps your company knows that another firm is also designing a new video
game controller and that the first company to get their product to market is likely to
acquire the most customers.
 Engineers learn to solve problems using a careful systematic problem-solving
approach.
 Note that the requirement also states, “…and evaluation of alternative solutions.”
Usually, there is more than one solution to a problem.
Education Required to be an Engineer
 To become an Engineer you need a degree in Engineering that will provide you
with a broad background in math, science, and technology, as engineers use
these skills to solve problems on a daily basis.
 Note though that saying, a degree in Engineering; actually means or refers to a
University degree (BSc, BEng) attained from an recognised and accredited
institution, having studied an accredited Engineering program/course.
 Engineering programs are usually accredited by an organization outside of the
University.
 Accreditation is like a stamp of approval, indicating that the Engineering
program has been evaluated, and that it meets standards for a quality process,
adequate resources, and an appropriate engineering curriculum.
 The accreditation organization for Engineering programs in Nigeria is Council for
the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria (COREN), and the National Universities
Commission (NUC)
 COREN was established by Decrees 55 of 1970 and 27 of 1992(amendment) now
known as the Engineers (Registration, etc.) Act CAP E 11 of 2004, to regulate
and control the practice of Engineering in Nigeria.
 The law empowers COREN to carry out accreditation of undergraduate
Engineering programs as a quality assurance measure for the training of
Engineers.
Benefits of Studying an Accredited Program
 Accreditation creates a gateway for student to participate in federally
funded and state funded entitlement program. Graduate of accredited
institution also qualify to attended other accredited institution to
pursue advanced studies (masters and doctorate degree) which
makes the individual to be more competitive in the job.
 Therefore, if you study Engineering in a COREN-accredited
Institute and program, you will spend part of your time
pursuing the following outcomes.
 The ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and
technology to Engineering
 The ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze
and interpret data
 The ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired
needs within realistic constraints such as economic, environmental,
social, political, ethical, health and safety, manufacturability, and
sustainability
The ability to function in multidisciplinary teams
The ability to identify, formulate, and solve Engineering problems
The understanding of professional and ethical responsibility
The ability to communicate effectively
The broad education necessary to understand the impact of Engineering
solutions in a global, economic, environmental, and societal context
A recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long learning
A knowledge of contemporary issues
An ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern Engineering tools
necessary for engineering practices.
Note: To prepare to study engineering in college, you should get a good
foundation in high school
The Engineering Family
 For success to be achieved in the field of engineering, a
professional engineer will work with other technically
educated people to form what is known as engineering family
or Engineering team. (Faluyi 1993, oluka, Onwualu, and
Eneh)
 The members of the engineering family are:
 1. Craftsmen: The craftsmen are the lowest, the first and
the oldest members in the engineering family. they existed
before the modern – day engineers. The craftsmen did not
attend any formal education (school) but uses their brain to
make impact in the society therefore they bare called ancient
engineers. In the modern time, the craftsmen usually obtain
O’level certificate or any certificate as a prove of training
before they are allowed to work with an engineer during
finishing operations. example of craftsmen are; carpenters,
2. TECHNICIANS: The technicians are usually the direct
supervisor to the craftsmen in the engineering work place. The
qualification of the technicians is usually national diploma (ND)
from a technical college or polytechnic or a full technological
certificate (FTC)
3. TECHNOLOGIESTS: The Technologiest comes third in the
ranking of engineering team from the bottom of the hierarchy.
They are also the second from the top of the hierarchical ranking
after the engineers.
The academic qualification of the technologist in nigeria is usually
a higher national diploma (HND) certificate from any engineering
programme in polytschnics or technical colleges.
The curriculum of HND is designed for middle manpower
development. They serve as supervisors to the technicians and the
craftsmen in the duties assigned to them.
4. THE ENGINEERS:
The Engineers are the topmost level in the hierarchy of the
Engineering family. The minimum educational qualification of
an engineer is a Bachelor of engineering degree (B.Eng) from a
recognize university. The curriculum of engineering degree is
design to provide executive man power development.
some of the engineers go further to acquire higher degrees in
engineering (masters and PhD).
By training, The Engineers are well equipped with creative mind
for mathematical, analytical and managerial skills (problem
solvers). The engineer is the head in any engineering firm and
gets day to day report directly from the technologist
Engineering Skills
 Many employers hire Engineers because of particular skills, and not because of a particular
discipline, degree, or specialization.
 Let us explore the range of Engineering skills and educational degrees that employers look
for in their employees.
 Job advertisements usually describe a position and list the skills, experience, and education
required or desired for the position.
 Engineering skills can be highly technical, and may include the following;
 the ability to use certain types of math and science
 the ability to use certain types of instruments
 the ability to operate certain types of computer programs
 the ability to apply certain areas of specialized Engineering knowledge.
 About half of all Engineering job advertisements today do not require a discipline-specific
Engineering degree, rather they require an engineering degree coupled with a set of
specific skills or experience.
 Experience is a very important qualification for most Engineering jobs.
 Many Engineering students gain experience while they are in school through internships
and/or through part-time employment.
 Others gain employment experience after school and progress to new positions as they
gain more experience.
In addition to the skills listed above;
 Engineers must be able to communicate their ideas to others. Engineers often make
presentations, write technical reports, and interact with customers and other technical
experts.
 One of the ads uses the following words: “clean, accurate, precise work and
documentation.”
 Many Engineers keep detailed notebooks of their work. This helps them remember how
they solved a problem, or why they chose to design a product a certain way.
 Do you think the Wright Brothers kept good notes while they were trying to design the
world’s first airplane?
 They recorded every experiment, every failure, and every success.
 Sometimes Engineering notes are used to apply for patents that can be quite valuable.
 Sometimes Engineers must defend their designs when problems occur.
 Why do you think it would be important to have Engineering notes and documentation
in the case of an Engineering failure, such as the collapse of a bridge or a building?
 One answer is that notes and documentation help Engineers find the causes of failure,
which ultimately leads to improved designs.
 Another answer is that good documentation can protect Engineers against lawsuits.
Licensure of Engineering

 Many Engineers choose to become licensed as professional Engineers (PE)

 While licensure is not required for the majority of Engineering careers, only licensed
professionals are allowed to offer their services to the public, and sign and seal plan
for the public or public use.
 The Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria is charged with the
responsibility of licensing or registering Engineers in Nigeria
 Other responsibilities include;
1. Approval of courses, (Accredit Engineering courses in Universities,
Polytechnics/College of Technology)
2. Qualification and accreditation of institutions for Engineering programmes
3. Supervision of instructions and examinations leading to approved qualificatio
4. Organize and supervise the post graduate training of newly graduated
Engineering personnel and maintenance of professional discipline.
Requirements for COREN Registration
 According to the Decree establishing COREN, a person shall be entitled to be
fully registered if:

1. He has attended a course of training approved by the council, in a University

approved by COREN
2. He has completed a minimum of 2 years approved post graduate training and
has passed or is exempt from professional interview
3. He has completed his second year of industrial pupillage in an approved
establishment
4. He/she must be a member of the Nigerian Society of Engineers (for those
seeking full registration as Engineers). This was added in1996
5. In addition, the person must be of good character.
Titles To Be Used By Registered Persons
A. A registered Engineer shall use the abbreviation “Engr.” Before his name
B. A registered technologist shall use the abbreviation “Engr. Tech.” after his name
C. A registered technician shall use the abbreviation “Tech.” after his name
D. A registered craftsman shall use his full title with his trade in bracket under his
name

 Note: In the Decree, provision is made for transfer of names from one register to
the other, provided the person satisfies the basic requirement
 To get registered, a prospective candidate must satisfy the education requirement
up to the level required for that cadre