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    Better understanding of logarithms

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    Logarithms math

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    Better understanding of logarithms

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    kerodino54
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    Logarithms math

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    Logarithms math

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    2 views24 pages

    Better understanding of logarithms

    Uploaded by

    kerodino54
    Logarithms math

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    LOGARITHMS

    November 11, 2024


    Good morning everyone, this will be our next lesson in General
    Mathematics.
    Please read and understand the given concepts. Try to answer the
    given activities for you. Answers were also given..
    The activities to be submitted were also indicated in this PowerPoint.
    Thank you
    figure out the missing number in the following
    expressions.

    a) 5x = 625
    (

    (b) 3x = 1/ 9
    (c) 7x = 0
    (d) 10 = 100,000
    x
    figure out the missing number in the following
    expressions.

    a) 5x = 625
    ( Ans: x=4
    (b) 3x = 1/ 9 Ans: x=-2
    (c) 7x = 1 Ans: x= 0
    (d) 10 = 100,000
    x
    Ans: x= 5
    LOGARITHMS
    The word logarithm was coined by John Napier, a
    Scottish mathematician, from two Greek words logos
    which means ratio, and arithmos which means
    number.

    Logarithm, which was invented by Napier during the


    advent of the Industrial Revolution, is a great labor-
    saving device during the time when the demands for
    numerical calculations needed to be performed more
    quickly and accurately were high.
    It is interested to note that logarithms were invented
    before exponents were in use.
    Common AND Natural logarithms

     Common Logarithms are logarithms with base


    10; the base 10 is usually omitted when
    writing common logarithms. This means that
    logx is a short notation for log10 x
     Logarithms with base e are called natural
    logarithms, and are denoted by "ln". In other
    words, lnx is another way of writing logex.
     Leonard Euler
    The Logarithm of a Number
    The logarithm x of a number N to the base b
    is the exponent of the power to which b is
    raised to obtain N.
    In symbols, logbN=x if bx=N
    n general, y=bx is equivalent to x=logby

    Exponential Form Logarithmic Form


    22 = 4 log24=2
    103 = 1000 log10 1000=3
    =5 Log25 5 =
    Write each exponential equation in logarithmic
    form.
    ACTIVITY. Rewrite the following exponential
    equations in logarithmic form, whenever possible
    (a)53= 125
    (b)7−2 = 1/49
    (c)102 = 100
    (d)25=32
    ACTIVITY. Rewrite the following exponential equations in logarithmic form,
    whenever possible

    ANSWER
    (a)53 = 125 log5125=3
    (b)7−2 = 1/49 log71/49=-2
    (c)102 = 100 log10100=2
    or log100=2
    (d)25=32 log232=5
    Example 1. Rewrite each in exponential form

     log3 81 = 4
    log416=x
    log101=0
    log648=
    Rewrite each in exponential form

     log3 81 = 4 Ans: 34 = 81
    log416=x Ans: 4x =
    16
    log101=0 Ans: 100
    =1
    log648= Ans: (64)1/2
    =8
    Evaluate the following logarithms
    log327
    log5625
    log4
    Log42
    log464-log381
    ACTIVITY TO BE SUBMITTED:
    Copy and answer the following in a ½ crosswise
    A. Write each exponential equation in logarithmic form.
    1. 3² = x 3. 10⁻² = 0.01
    2. 81 = 3ˣ 4. eʸ = 9
    B. Write each logarithmic equation in exponential form.
    1. log 5 x 4
    2. log2 64 6
    3. loga M 7

    4. x logc T
    Sample application:
    The Richter scale. In 1935, Charles Richter proposed a logarithmic
    scale to measure the intensity of an earthquake. He defined the
    magnitude of an earthquake as a function of its amplitude on a
    standard seismograph. The following formula produces the same
    results, but is based on the energy released by an earthquake

    Earthquake Magnitude on a Richter scale The magnitude R of an


    earthquake is given by
    R = log
    where E (in joules) is the energy released by the earthquake (the
    quantity 10 4.40 is the energy released by a very small reference
    earthquake).
    The formula indicates that the magnitude of an
    earthquake is based on the logarithm of the
    ratio between the energy it releases and the
    energy released by the reference earthquake
    Example.
    Suppose that an earthquake released approximately
    1012 joules of energy.
    (a) What is its magnitude on a Richter scale?
    (b) How much more energy does this earthquake
    release than that by the reference earthquake?

    R = log
    A. R=5.1

    B. This earthquake releases 107.6 ≈ 39810717 times


    more energy than that by the reference earthquake
    MAGNITUDE DESCRIPTION

    1.0 Scarcely Perceptible - Perceptible to people under favorable circumstances.

    2.0 Slightly Felt - Hanging objects swing slightly.

    3.0 Weak - Vibration is felt like one passing of a light truck. Hanging objects swing moderately.

    4.0 Moderately Strong - Felt generally by people indoors and by some people outdoors.

    5.0 Strong - Strong shaking and rocking felt throughout building. Hanging objects swing violently.

    6.0 Very Strong - Some people lose their balance. Heavy objects or furniture move or may be shifted

    7.0 Destructive - People find it difficult to stand in upper floors. Some cracks may appear. Limited
    liquefaction, lateral spreading and landslides are observed. Trees are shaken strongly.

    8.0 Very Destructive - Many well-built buildings are considerably damaged. Liquefaction and lateral
    spreading cause man-made structure to sink, tilt or topple. Fissures and faults rapture may be
    observed.
    9.0 Devastating - Most buildings are totally damaged. Bridges and elevated concrete structures are
    toppled or destroyed. Landslides and liquefaction with lateral spreading and sandboil are
    widespread.
    10.0 Completely Devastating - Practically all man-made structures are destroyed. Massive landslides
    and liquefaction, large scale subsidence and uplifting of land forms and many ground pressures
    Logarithmic Functions, Equations, and
    Inequalities

    Logarithmic Logarithmic Logarithmic


    Equation Inequality Function
    Definition An equation An inequality Function of
    involving involving the form
    logarithms logarithms f(x)= logax

    Example logx2=4 lnx2> (ln)2 g(x)=log3x


    Determine whether the given is a logarithmic function,
    a logarithmic equation, a logarithmic inequality or
    neither.
    g(x)=log5x

    y=2log4x
    log(4x)=-log(3x+5)
    xlog2(x)-1>0
    log x(x-3)=log4
    log3(2x-1)> log3 (x+2)
    Determine whether the given is a logarithmic function,
    a logarithmic equation, a logarithmic inequality or
    neither.
    g(x)=log5x logarithmic function

    y=2log4x logarithmic equation


    log(4x)=-log(3x+5) logarithmic equation
    xlog2(x)-1>0 logarithmic inequality
    log x(x-3)=log4 logarithmic equation
    log3(2x-1)> log3 (x+2) logarithmic inequality

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