Ancy Veronica

GUILLAIN BARRE
SYNDROME
Presented by ;
Ms.Ancy Veronica
Definition
Guillain barre syndrome is a condition in which a person

immune system attacks the peripheral nerves
WHO
Guillain barre syndrome results in the acute ,rapid
segmental demyelination of peripheral nerves and some
cranial nerves, producing ascending weakness with
dyskinesia (inability to execute voluntary movements),
hyporeflexia and paraesthesis (numbness)
BT Basavanthappa
Guillain barre syndrome is characterized by an
autoimmune process that occurs a few days or weeks
following a viral or bacterial infection
Lewis
Guillain barre syndrome is an acute, rapidly progressing
ascending inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
of the peripheral sensory and motor nerves and nerve
root
Suresh k Sharma
Incidence
World wide
The incidence of guillain barre syndrome varies world
wide, ranging from 0.38 to 2.53 cases per 100,000 people
per year, with most studies reporting 1.1 to 1.8 cases per
100,000 people per year. In 2019 ,there were 150,095
cases of GBS globally, with an age standardized point
prevalence of 1.9 per 100,000 people.
India
In india, the estimated incidence of guillain barre
syndrome is slightly higher compared to the global
average.the incidence in india is around 1.3 to 2.3 cases per
100,000 people annually can affect individuals of all ages,
and early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for better
outcomes
Telangana
The life time risk of acquiring guillain barre syndrome for
an individual is 1000 and the annual guillain barre
syndrome incidence in 2023 is 1.7 persons per one 100,000
population.
Anatomy
There are four parts of neuron
.cell body
. Dendrites
. Axon
.axon terminal
1.Cell body
>The main portion of the neuron is called as cell body
This is also part of a cell that creates mRNA for cell
replication
In the center of the cell body is the nucleus of the cell,
where the chromosomes that contain all the genetic
material stored.
2.Dendrites
Dendrites are branch like structures extending away
from the cell body, and their job is to receive messages
from other neurons and allow those messages to travel
to the cell body.
Dendrites are specialized to receive signals from
neighbouring neurons and carry them back to the cell
body
3.Axon
>It’s a tube like structure that carries an electrical
impulse from the cell body to the structures at opposite
end of the neuron i.e axon terminals which can then pass
the impulse to another neuron.
Myelin sheath is also present around the axons is called
as myelinated nerve fibers
This myelin sheath further consist of protein – lipid
complex called as schwann cells
There is a short gap between the two segments of axon
is node of ranvier where the signals get recharged
4.Axon terminal
> An axon terminal is the very end of a branch of nerve
axon. Axon terminal is the last step for the relay of
information inside the neuron.
Types of neurons
There are many neurons in the nervous system a number in the

trillions ,they can be as classified as
>Depending upon the number of poles
1.Unipolar neurons
2.Bipolar neurons
3.Multipolar neurons
>Depending upon the functions
1.Motor neurons
2.Sensory neurons
Depending upon the number of poles
Unipolar neurons Click icon to add picture

.these neurons have a
single pole , from which
the both axon and
dendrite arise.
True unipolar are present
only in embryonic stage
in human being
Bipolar neurons
.these neurons have two Click icon to add picture
poles , one for axon and
other for dendrite
. Bipolar neurons are
formed in the vestibular
cochlear ganglia , in the
nasal olfactory
epithelium and bipolar
cells in the retina of the
eye
Multipolar neurons Click icon to add picture
.these have many poles
.one of the pole give rise
to axon and all other to
dendrites
.in CNS most of the
neurons are multipolar
Depending upon the functions
1.Motor neurons
.these are also known as efferent nerve cells
.these carry impulses from CNS to the effector organ like muscles
, glands, blood vessels
.these neurons have very long axon and short dendrites
2. Sensory neurons
.these are also known as afferent nerve cell
.these carry impulses from effector to the CNS
.these neurons have very short axon and long dendrites
Campylobacter jejuni
infection
Campylobacter jejuni
infection: it is the most
common bacterial causes of
diarrhea. Most cases of
campylobacter jejuni come
from handling or injecting raw
or undercooked poultry meat.
Influenza
• Flu is also called influenza,is

an infection of the nose,
throat and lungs , which are
part of the respiratory
system.it caused by a virus
Cytomegalovirus
• It is a common infection from a

herpes virus. Pregnant people
infected with cytomegalovirus
can give birth to a baby with
congenital .it can cause serious
complications in people living
with a compromised immune
system.
Epstein Barr virus
• Epstein Barr virus is a very

common viral infection that
spreads through saliva and
body fluids. Some cases of
the virus lead to
mononucleosis
Mycoplasma pneumonia
• It is an infection of lungs by
the bacteria mycoplasma
pneumonia . It spreads quickly
through contact with
respiratory fluids in crowded
places like, school and college
HIV
• Human immunodeficiency
virus is a virus that attacks
the body’s immune system. It
targets the white blood cells
in the body and weakens
immune system.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
spread inappropriate inflammatory immune response

⬇️
Interrupted nerve conduction and antibody attack to myelin sheath.
⬇️
Development of polyneuorpathies
⬇️
Initiation of neurological Symptoms in lower extremities with
symmetrical paresthesia.
Clinical manifestations
Paresthesia: Numbness,
tingling or prickling
sensation in the hands
and feet
Progressive muscle
weakness:
Starting in the legs and
ascending to the upper
body
Pain: muscle or joint pain
, often severe
Neurological signs
Muscle weakness:
Flaccid paralysis, often
symmetric
Decreased or absent
reflexes: loss of deep
tendon reflexes
Sensory disturbances:
Numbness, tingling or
loss of sensation
Cranial nerve
involvement: facial
weakness, dysphagia or
dysarthria
Autonomic nervous system involvement
Orthostatic hypotension:
dizziness or fainting upon
standing
Tachycardia: rapid heart
rate
Hypertension: High
blood pressure
Urinary retention :
difficulty urinating
Respiratory involvement
Dyspnea: shortness of
breath
Respiratory failure: need
for mechanical
ventilation
Other symptoms

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GUILLAIN BARRE

Guillain barre syndrome is a condition in which a person

There are many neurons in the nervous system a number in the

Unipolar neurons Click icon to add picture

• Flu is also called influenza,is

• It is a common infection from a

• Epstein Barr virus is a very

spread inappropriate inflammatory immune response

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