civil right movement [Autosaved]

CIVIL RIGHT MOVEMENT
z
AND ROLE OF
MARTIN LUTHER
SUBMITTED BY: SWAGATA DUTTA
ROLL NUMBER:22518049
 The civil rights movement was a struggle for social
justice that took place mainly during the 1950s and
1960s for black Americans to gain equal rights
under the law in the united states.
 The negros faced discrimination though slavery
z
was abolished, the negros had to face devastating
effects of racism especially in the south.
 By the mid 20th century, black Americans, mobilized
and began an unprecedented fight for equality that
spanned two decades.
 During reconstruction, black people were granted
rights and they played roles that they never played
before, they held public office and sought legislative
changes for equality and right to vote.
 14th amendment gave equal protection for blacks
z under the law.
and whites
 15th amendment granted black American men the
right to vote.
 Whites in the south was unhappy with this as blacks
was once slave and whites could not accept blacks
as equal as them.
 “JIM CROW LAWS” was introduced in south which
states that blacks could not use same public facilities,
live in same towns or go to same schools as white
people. Interracial marriage was illegal, blacks were
not to vote as they were unable to pass voter literacy
tests. z
 southern segregation gained ground when “Separate
but equal” was declared in the us supreme court in
1896.
 Black men and women served heroically in world war
second , despite suffering segregation and
discrimination during their deployment.
 Martin Luther king jr. was a well- known civil right
activist who worked hard to bring greater equality to
America and ensure civic rights for all peoples,
regardless of race. Notably, he brought publicity to
major civil rights activities, emphasizing the
importance of nonviolent protest.
z protests and marches were eventually
 Boycotts,
effective, and much legislation was passed against
racial discrimination.
 In Montgomery, Alabama in 1955, king led boycott
against city busses that refused to let blacks sit in
front seats, the protest gained followers rapidly and
led to a city wide boycott.
 Even though king and hid followers were sent to jail,
the boycott did succeed and unfair, racist law
allowing segregation abroad the buses was
changed.
 King established the southern Christian leadership
conference as a platform for him to provide his
z
peaceful message of civil rights to the world,
because of his commitment to peace, nonviolence
and equality, king’s civil rights protests made
genuine headway in American society.
 King advanced the movement with his spoken
elegance and grace.
 Kings genuine desire for the country to come
together was recognized as a great contribution to
America.
 In 1963 , king and other leaders of the civil rights
movement organized a huge march for equal
rights in Washington, D.C with a massive crowd of
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over 200,000 followers, the march protested racial
discrimination in schools and workforce. They
demanded minimum wage for all workers. It was
the largest gathering in Washington ,D.C’s history.
 The result of the march put growing pressure on
the presidential administration of Lyndon B.
Johnson.
 Memphis sanitation worker strike on February 12,
1968 where also king came to speak and support
the workers.
 Kings civil rights movement lasted from around 1955
to 1968. its goals were to abolish racial
discrimination in many areas including public
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transportation, employment, voting, and education.
 On the evening of April 4, 1968, Martin Luther king,
jr. was standing out on his balcony at the Lorraine
motel in Memphis, Tennessee . He was there to
support the sanitation worker strike, but a sniper
bullet stuck him in his jaw, severing his spinal cord
and killing him.
 In 1954 civil rights movement gained momentum
when the united states supreme court made
segregation illegal in public schools.
 On September 9,1957, president Eisenhower signed
the civil rights act of 1957 into law, the first major civil
rights legislation since reconstruction . It allowed
federal prosecution of anyone who tried to prevent
someone z from voting. It also created a commission to
investigate voter fraud.
 Civil right act of 1964 guaranteed equal employment
for all, limited the use of voter literacy tests and
allowed federal authorities to ensure public facilities
were integrated, signing was witnessed by king and
other activists.
 On March 7,1965 civil rights movement in Alabama
took an especially violent turn as 600 peaceful
demonstrators participated in the Selma to
Montgomery march to protest the killing of black civil
rights activist Jimmie Lee Jackson by a white police
officer and to encourage legislation to enforce the
15th amendment.
z
 Also known as bloody Sunday.
 As the protestors neared the Edmund Pettus bridge,

they were blocked by Alabama governor George C.
Wallace, a vocal opponent of desegregation.
Refusing to stand down , protestors moved forward
and were viciously beaten and teargassed by police
and dozens of protesters were hospitalized.
 The civil rights movement was an empowering yet
precarious time for black Americans . The efforts of
civil rights activists and countless protesters of all
races brought about legislation to end segregation,
black voter suppression and discriminatory
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employment and housing practices.

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CIVIL RIGHT MOVEMENT

 As the protestors neared the Edmund Pettus bridge,

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