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BODY FLUID COMPARTMENT
Dr Annie S Jose
Senior Resident
Department Of Physiology
• In an young adult male with 70 kg
weight, 60% of total body weight is
water
Around 42 L
• In female it is 50% (Adipose tissue is
more) (Fat cells have low water
content)
• In infants it is 65-75%
• When a person get older, water content decreases due to increase in fat
content
• 18% of the body weight is protein and related substances

• 7% is mineral
• 15% is fat
• 60% is water
Percentage of water depends on
AGE
GENDER
DEGREE OF OBESITY
BLOOD
VESSEL
CELL INTERSTITIUM
Body fluid is distributed in two compartment
BODY FLUID (42 L)
INTRACELLULAR FLUID EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

(ICF) (28L) (ECF) (14L)
Blood Plasma
Interstitial fluid
(3L)
(11 L)
INTRACELLULAR FLUID COMPARTEMENT
• Around 28L of fluid is inside the cell, and is collectively called intracellular
fluid (ICF)
• 40% of total body weight in an average person

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID COMPARTEMENT
• All fluid outside the cells are collectively called the extracellular fluid
• Around 20% of total body weight of an average person
• Two components of extracellular fluid includes
• Blood plasma
• Interstitial fluid
1. BLOOD PLASMA
• 3L (25% of ECF)
• Plasma is noncellular
part of blood
2. Interstitial fluid
• It is the ECF volume present in the space between the cell
• Volume is about 15 % of body weight
• Lymph is a part of interstitial fluid

Transcellular fluid
 It is specialized type of ECF, these are the ECF

which is trapped in spaces that are surrounded by
epithelial cells
 Composition is different from ICF and ECF because
they are secreted by different epithelia
 Around 1-2 L
 Fluid in
• Synovial space
• Peritoneal space
• Pericardial space
• Intraocular space
• Cerebrospinal fluid
• Fluid in cochlea
IONIC COMPOSITION OF BODY FLUIDS
Constituents of ICF and ECF
1. The distribution of electrolytes varies in body compartments
2. Sum of the concentrations of the cations equals the sum of the
concentrations of the anions in respective compartments. This makes the
fluid in each compartment electrically neutral
3. Na+, Ca2+, Cl–and HCO3– are largely extracellular and K+, Mg++, organic
phosphates (PO43– ) and proteins are mainly intracellular.

Why there is similar ionic composition in plasma and
Interstitial fluid ?
Why there is different ionic composition in ECF and

ICF ?
Barrier ?????
Barriers separate ICF, interstitial fluid and plasma
• Plasma membrane
• Separates ICF from
surrounding interstitial
fluid
• Blood vessel wall
• Separate interstitial fluid
from plasma
Why there is similar ionic composition in
plasma and Interstitial fluid ?
• Plasma and interstitial fluid are separated by highly permeable membranes
ie. Permeable to both ions and water
• Only difference is the presence of more protein in plasma
 Because capillaries are less permeable to proteins

Why there is different ionic composition in
ECF and ICF
• ICF is separated from ECF by cell membrane
• Cell membrane is highly permeable to water but not permeable to most
electrolytes
• Intracellular fluid contains large quantity of K and phosphorus ion and
small quantity of Na and Cl ions compared to ECF
• ICF contains large amount of proteins ( 4 times as much as plasma)

Measurement of body fluid compartment volumes
INDICATOR –DILUTION PRINCIPLE

Characteristics of an Indicator
1. Should be relatively easy to measure
2. Should remain in the compartment being measured
3. Should not change the fluid distribution in the compartment being
measured
4. Should be non-toxic
5. Must mix evenly throughout the compartment being measured
6. Should remain unchanged by the body during the mixing period or the
amount changed must be known
General principle
Based on indicator dilution principle
A = Amount of a substance injected intravenously

V= Volume in which the substance is distributed
C= Final concentration attained.
Measurement of total body water ( TBW)
1. Deuterium oxide
Plasma
(D2O, heavy water)
IF
2. Tritium oxide
ICF
3. Aminopyrine
ECF Measurement
ECF Measurement
1. Radioactive inulin
4.Thiosulphate
2. Radioactive isotopes of Cl–
5. Thiocyanate
3. 82Br
Measurement of Plasma Volume
Substance used neither leaves the vascular

system nor penetrates red cells
i. Evans Blue Dye (T-1824) that remains
bound to plasma proteins.
ii. Serum albumin labeled with radioactive
iodine
iii. Radio-iodinated gamma globulin and
fibrinogen
Measurement of ICF Volume
ICF = TBW - ECFV
TBW= Total body water
ECFV=Extracellular fluid volume

Measurement of interstitial Volume
• It can not be measured directly as substance used for it rapidly

equilibrate with plasma
• Calculated by subtracting plasma volume from ECF volume
ECF- Plasma volume

Measurement of Total Blood Volume
• Plasma volume + Blood cell volume

• If one measures the hematocrit (the fraction of the total blood volume
composed of cells) and plasma volume using the methods described
earlier, blood volume can also be calculated using the following
equation:
For example, if the plasma volume is 3 liters and hematocrit is 0.40,
the total blood volume would be calculated
as follows:
Measurement of Blood cell Volume
• Inject red blood cells that have been labeled with radioactive material
into the circulation
After these mix in the circulation, the radioactivity of a mixed blood

sample can be measured, and the total blood volume can be calculated
using the indicator-dilution principle
One substance that can used to label the red blood cells is radioactive
chromium (51Cr), which binds tightly with the red blood cells.
Dehydration develops rapidly and severe in infants and children than in adult
 Total volume of ECF is much smaller in children than adult

Infants have a larger surface area relative to their body mass, which leads
to higher rates of water loss through their skin and respiration
The regulatory mechanisms for maintaining ECF volume are not well
developed in infants and children
They cannot express their need to drink more and may refuse fluid due to
feeling unwell
THANK YOU

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BODY FLUID COMPARTMENT

weight, 60% of total body weight is

more) (Fat cells have low water

• 18% of the body weight is protein and related substances

BODY FLUID (42 L)

INTRACELLULAR FLUID EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

• 40% of total body weight in an average person

• Around 20% of total body weight of an average person

• Two components of extracellular fluid includes

• It is the ECF volume present in the space between the cell

• Volume is about 15 % of body weight

• Lymph is a part of interstitial fluid

 It is specialized type of ECF, these are the ECF

phosphates (PO43– ) and proteins are mainly intracellular.

Why there is different ionic composition in ECF and

• Plasma and interstitial fluid are separated by highly permeable membranes

ie. Permeable to both ions and water

• Only difference is the presence of more protein in plasma

 Because capillaries are less permeable to proteins

• ICF is separated from ECF by cell membrane

• Cell membrane is highly permeable to water but not permeable to most

• Intracellular fluid contains large quantity of K and phosphorus ion and

small quantity of Na and Cl ions compared to ECF

• ICF contains large amount of proteins ( 4 times as much as plasma)

INDICATOR –DILUTION PRINCIPLE

Based on indicator dilution principle

A = Amount of a substance injected intravenously

Substance used neither leaves the vascular

ICF = TBW - ECFV

TBW= Total body water

ECFV=Extracellular fluid volume

• It can not be measured directly as substance used for it rapidly

• Calculated by subtracting plasma volume from ECF volume

ECF- Plasma volume

• Plasma volume + Blood cell volume

After these mix in the circulation, the radioactivity of a mixed blood

 Total volume of ECF is much smaller in children than adult

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