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Pspc Lecture 4 - Variables Input and Output

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3 views

Pspc Lecture 4 - Variables Input and Output

Uploaded by

Anusha Jayasimhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VARIABLES

VARIABLES
 Variablesare used to store or hold values in
the program.
 They represent a small part of storage in the
computer memory (RAM).
HOW TO USE A VARIABLE?
 Declaration:
datatype variable_name ;
 Assigning a value to a variable:
variable_name=value;
 Variable names are called as identifiers
 A variable cannot be used in the program
without declaration
 It is advisable to:
 Give variable names that can easily convey their
meaning
 Keep variable names short and simple
QUICK EXERCISE

1. Can you declare a variable that stores the


average marks of a student?
2. Can you initialize/assign the above variable
a value 67?
3. Can you change the variable value to 50?
4. Can you say what will be the final value of
the variable?
WHAT ARE DATATYPES?
 Data types allow us to specify the type of value
that a variable can store.
 There are four main built-in data types:
 int: Can store only integer values. No fraction/real
numbers. Example: 5, 45, -321, 0 etc.
 float: Can store real numbers with a decimal point.
Example: 3.145, -2.5 etc. Can store up to 7 digits after
the decimal point.
 double: Same as float. It has more precision. Can store
up to 16 digits after the decimal point.
 char: Can store any special characters including
alphabets and special symbols. Example: ‘A’,’?’,’1’ etc
IDENTIFIERS
 Name given to a variable or a function
 An identifier can be any combination of alphabets, digits and
underscore.
 First character should be a letter (alphabet).
 Length of variable name can range from 1 to 8.
 A space in between is not allowed.
 Underscore can be used to concatenate name combinations.
 No commas or other special characters (other than underscore _ )
are allowed in a variable name.
 C is a case sensitive language – which means a variable name
declared as flag is not same as FLAG.
 You can’t use keywords as identifiers.
Keywords

 Keywords are reserved words in C which has a


predefined meaning.
 The compiler already knows the meaning of these
words.
 It will do a particular operation according to the
meaning of the keyword.
 There are 32 keywords in C language.
 Example: void, int, float, etc.
Check your knowledge

 Identify the correct and incorrect declarations:


1. int 1age;
2. float salary;
3. char grade;
4. int x;y,z; Answer:
1, 4, 6, 7, 8 are wrong
5. double pi_value;
6. int double;
7. float $total;
8. char 123name;
9. int age1;
HOW TO PRINT A VARIABLE?

 Let’s
say we have the following code:
int x=5;
printf(“x”);
What will be the output?
x
But we are expecting the value:
5
HOW TO PRINT A VARIABLE?

 Using printf, we can print any string but we can


also print the value of a variable.
 Syntax:
printf(“format specifier”, variable_name);
 Format specifiers are characters preceded by a “%”
 They differ based on each datatype
%d-int
%c-char
%f-float
%lf-double
How to print a variable
 Let
us come back to the same
example:
int x=5;
printf(“%d”,x);
Format specifier Variable
name
 The value of the variable “x” is
replaced at the format specifier.
 Now the output will be:
5
HOW TO PRINT MULTIPLE
VARIABLES?
 Using printf, we can also print the values of
more than one variable.
 Syntax:
printf(“format specifiers”, list of variables);
 The variable list is separated with a comma.
 Format specifiers must match the variable.
 Format specifiers are replaced with the
variable values from left to right.
HOW TO PRINT MULTIPLE
VARIABLES?
 Let
us take an example:
int x,y,z;
x=5; y=6; z=8;
printf(“%d%d%d”, x,y,z);
 What will be the output of the program?
568
How to print variables along with
string/text
 Inthe previous program, the output looks
ambiguous/confusing.
 We can also combine any text with variable
value.
 Example:
int x,y,z;
x=5; y=6; z=8;
printf(“x= %d,y= %d,z= %d”, x,y,z);
 Output now will be:
x= 5,y= 6,z= 8
QUICK EXERCISE

 Can you make modifications to the previous


program so that the output is as follows?
The value of y is 6
The value of z is 8
The value of x is 5
 Use a single “printf” statement only.
Let us see how to input a
variable….
HOW TO INPUT A VARIABLE?
 Any program must be as interactive and
human friendly as possible.
 Hence, we may want to input a value from
the user before the program processes it
and gives the output.
 In order to input a variable we use the
function “scanf”
 It is quite similar to printf in many ways….
HOW TO INPUT A VARIABLE?

 Syntax of scanf:
scanf(“format specifier”, &variable_name);
 Example:

float x;
scanf(“%f”,&x);
 Let us see how this works in the program..
HOW TO INPUT MULTIPLE
VARIABLES?
 Syntax:
scanf(“list of format specifiers”, list of
variables with each preceded by a &);
 Example:
int x,y,z;
scanf (“%d%d%d”, &x,&y,&z);
 <stdio.h> library also includes scanf along
with printf
SOME GENERAL POINTS TO NOTE
 Same as printf, format specifiers must match
the variables.
 The format specifiers are associated with
variables from left to right in scanf also.
 All variable values entered through the
keyboard are stored in the variables from left
to right
 All input values must be separated by a
“space” or “enter” on the output screen.
 Make sure that every input is prompted by a
Find the output of this program
(Assume any value for a and b)

#include <stdio.h> Output:


int main() { Enter the value of a
int a, b; and b:
printf("Enter the value of a and b: "); 5 4
scanf("%d%d", &b, &a); You entered a = 4 and
printf("You entered a = %d and b = %d\ b=5
n", a, b);
return 0;
}
Find the output of this program
(Assume any value for a and b)
scanf cannot print.
#include <stdio.h> It can only have
format specifiers. Output:
int main() { Error
int a, b; Can you guess
scanf("Enter the value of a and b: %d%d”, the mistake?
&a, &b);
printf("You entered a = %d and b = %d\n",
a, b);
return 0;
}
Point out all the mistakes in the
program
#include <stdio.h> & is missing before
variable name
void main() {
int x;
printf("Enter a number: “);
scanf("%d“, x);
printf("You entered: %d" x);
}
, is missing after “ marks
before variable names
QUICK EXERCISE
 Write a program that prompts the user for two integer inputs, and
performs all arithmetic operations on them and prints the
results….
 Example:
Enter two values:
83

The results of arithmetic operations are


Addition: 11
Subtraction: 5
Multiplication: 24
Division: 2
Modulus: 2

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