3D_bioprinting_pptx

Three-Dimensional Bio printing
Materials with Potential Application in

Preprosthetic Surgery
By Hicham jamaoui&zouhair

dribine
introduction
3D printing was not used for biological applications
but was employed for the deposition of metals and
ceramics, which was not conducive to living cells.
Thus, a challenge with 3D bioprinting is finding
suitable biocompatible materials while also providing
the mechanical and functional properties for
maintaining the tissue.Three-dimensional bioprinting is
a relatively new and emerging field in which advances
have led to the printing of biocompatible materials for
the production of medical devices as well as the
replacement of human tissues and organs.
biological materials and reagents are placed in precise cross-
sectional layers from the bottom. The process begins with a 3D model,
which is created by a computer-aided design (CAD) software.
Cross sectional slices are then taken of the model and sent to the
AM device, which ultimately deposits each layer to produce the object.
Compared to conventional techniques in which several parts are assembled,
in 3D bioprinting the final product can be produced in a single process,
leading to a reduction in time and cost.
Three-dimensional printing of an ear with a PCL
frame. The auricular cartilage region is
colored red, and the lobe fat tissue is blue
(dimensions ca. 20 × 25 × 8 mm3).
There are numerous approaches to a 3D bioprinting process,
including cell types, printing techniques, and materials selection. The
materials must have appropriate crosslinking mechanisms to allow for proper
deposition and biocompatibility over the long term. In addition, it is
imperative that materials support the proliferation of cells, as well as cellular
function and attachment. Although the future of this profound and expanding
technology is uncertain, it is expected to revolutionize the manufacturing
industry, in turn benefiting numerous fields, including the medical and dental
realm.
The applications of 3D bioprinting in dentoalveolar repair due to
maxillofacial injury, disease, pathology, or trauma are also discussed in
conjunction with the use of scaffolds.
Difference between Autografts,
allografts and Three-dimensional
bioprinting .
Autografts and allografts have been used in reconstructive surgery to
treat several craniofacial anomalies and abnormalities. Although autografting
is the transplantation of organs, tissues, or even particular proteins from one
part of the body to another in the same person . Allografts is the
transplantation of cells, tissues, or organs, to a recipient from a genetically
non-identical donor of the same species. Common to both procedures is that
the graft must be manually shaped to precisely fit the defect during surgery,
possibly leading to inaccuracies and lack of superior esthetics.
Allografts Autografts
Three-dimensional bioprinting technology
allows for the fabrication of artificial grafts that may
be superior to both autografts and allografts in
adaptation, safety, and invasiveness. Desired
characteristics of 3D printed biomaterials include
biocompatibility and osteo conductivity. Porosity is
also an important factor to allow for tissue in-growth,
and conveyance of nutrition to the newly produced
tissues
Materials used for 3D
bioprinting:
Bioceramics
1.Calcium phosphate: Calcium phosphate compounds have been used
because of their ability to chemically bond to hard tissue.
2. Hydroxyapatite: Because of the stoichiometric similarity to the mineral
phase of natural bone, HA has been deemed a bone replacement with good
potential for biocompatibility.
3. Bioglass : Bioactive glasses (BG) have shown great potential in both the
healing and regeneration of bone defects because of their ability to support
osteoblast cells, and to bond to both soft and hard tissue.
The advantage of using ceramics such as HA, bioglass, and calcium
phosphate is that they can upregulate osteogenesis. Another advantage is
their ability to allow for space maintenance, making them materials of
interest in reconstruction of craniofacial defects.
Metals
Titanium: As a metallic biomaterial, titanium (Ti) has been extensively
employed in recent investigations due to its high corrosion resistance, high
strength/weight ratio, and confirmed biocompatibility. Ti has low density and
suitable mechanical properties such as elastic modulus, fatigue strength, and
toughness. It has been extensively employed for construction of implants,
such as prosthetic joints, trauma-locking plating systems, dental implants,
screws, membranes, and heart valves.
Biopolymers
1.Alginate
2.Biogenic polyphosphates (bio-polyP)
3.Biogenic silica (BSi)
Composites
a number of biopolymers have been considered for bone tissue engineering
applications; however, no sole polymer is able to satisfy all the necessities
for a bone graft material. To overcome the problems involving individual
materials, composite materials have been recently developed, given that
natural bone is an organic/inorganic hybrid composed of collagen and
apatites. Polymer/ceramic composites contain the appropriate properties of
each individual component, including the high wear resistance of ceramics
and high toughness of polymers.
ADVANTAGES
Replace human tissue by full
body transplant.
Allows scientists to eliminate the
wait list of organ transplants.
Higher survival rate of printed
cells.
Offers high precise resolution.
DISADVANTAGES
Organ is not sure about whether
they can fit into a human body .
3D printers can create dangerous
items, such as guns and knives.
 Printing capabilities of
complicated tissues.
Application of 3D printing
prototypes of medical
application.
Molding for casting.
Jewelry design.
reference
1- Murphy SV, Atala A,3D bioprinting of tissues and organs , Nature
Biotechnology,vol.32 ,2014 , pp.773-785.
2-Zopf DA, Hollister SJ, Nelson ME, Bioresorbable airway
splint created with a three-dimensional printer. The New England Journal of
Medicine , Vol.368 , 2013 , pp. 2043-2045.
3- David Kilian , Tilman Ahlfeld , Ashwini Rahul Akkineni ,
Anja Lode , and Michael Gelinsky, Three-dimensional bioprinting of volumetric
tissues and organs, by Cambridge Core , Vo.42,2017,pp.585-590.
4- Marc Meyers and kishan Chawla : Mechanical Behavior of Materials ,2ed , by
Cambridge University Press , New York 2009.

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Three-Dimensional Bio printing

Materials with Potential Application in

By Hicham jamaoui&zouhair

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