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    Rocks

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    masigansamantha

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    Rocks

    Uploaded by

    masigansamantha
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    2 views24 pages

    Rocks

    Uploaded by

    masigansamantha

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 24

    ROCKS

    After going through the discussion,


    you are expected to:
    • Identify the three types of rocks;
    • Classify rocks as to igneous,
    sedimentary and metamorphic
    rocks; and
    • Appreciate the importance of rocks
    in our daily life.
     Earth is a solid rock to a depth of 2,900
    km, where mantle meets the liquid
    outer core.
     A rock is naturally occurring solid
    aggregate of one or more minerals.
     The aggregate minerals forming the
    rocks are held together by chemical
    bonds.
     Grains can be different in color, texture
     Geologists then now group rocks into
    three categories based on how the
    rocks form; igneous, sedimentary
    and metamorphic rock.
     Petrology is the scientific study of rocks.
     Petrologists classify rocks based on how
    they were formed.
    Three Types of
    ROCKS
    IGNEOUS, METAMORPHIC and
    SEDIMENTARY
    1. IGNEOUS – form from hardening and
    crystallization of magma or molten
    materials that originates deep within
    the earth.
    Two types of Igneous Rocks
    1.Extrusive/Volcanic
    rock – forms when
    magma makes its way
    to Earth’s surface as
    lava and then cools.
    The crystals are very
    small (fine grained)
    since the cooling
    process is fast.
    Two types of Igneous Rocks
    2.Intrusive/Plutonic
    rock – it cools slowly
    beneath the Earth
    surface and are
    created y magma.
    The intrusive igneous
    rocks have very large
    crystals (coarse
    grained).
    Igneous rocks are classified based on
    1. COMPOSITION
     FELSIC – light in color; feldspar and
    silicates
     MAFIC – dark in color; made up of
    magnesium and iron
     INTERMEDIATE – between mafic and
    felsic
     ULTRAMAFIC – very dark color
    Igneous rocks are classified based on
    2. TEXTURE- overall appearance of rock
     APHANISTIC – fine grained
     PHANERITIC – coarse grained
     PROPHYRITIC – large crystals with small
    crystals
     GLASSY – non-ordered solid from rapid
    quenching
     PYROCLASTIC – composite of ejected
    fragments
    IGNEOUS ROCKS
    2.METAMORPHIC – forms from pre-
    existing rocks: either metamorphic,
    igneous, sedimentary.
    Example : Quartzite, marble, slate,
    phyllite
    METAMORPHISM – transformation of one
    rock type into another

    2 Types of Metamorphism
    1. Regional – due to change in pressure and
    temperature over large region of the
    crust.
    2. Contact – mainly y heat due to contact
    with magma.
    METAMORPHIC ROCKS
    3.SEDIMENTARY – provide information
    about surface conditions that existed in
    the earth’s past.
     Particles of sand, shells, pebbles and
    other fragments of materials called
    sediments, accumulate inlayers and
    over long period of time harden into
    rocks.
     Compaction – due to increase of
    pressure of layered sediments, it bind
    together to form the sedimentary
    rocks.
    Three types of Sedimentary Rocks
    1.Clastic Sedimentary Rock – formed from
    accumulated pf clasts; little pieces of broken rocks
    and shells. Ex. Conglomerate, breccia, sandstone,
    shale.
    Three types of Sedimentary Rocks
    2. Chemical – formed
    when water with
    dissolved mineral
    evaporates.
    The left behind
    minerals will crystallize
    Ex. Halite – form when
    a body of seawater
    becomes closed off and
    evaporates.
    Three types of Sedimentary Rocks
    3. Organic – rocks formed from the accumulation
    of animal debris.
    Ex. Coal – composed of organic matter in the
    form of plants fragments.
    IGNEOUS ROCKS
    METAMORPHIC ROCKS
    Sedimentary Rocks

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