ENGLISH 10

Preparing the
References
APA Style (7th Edition)
American Psychological Association
Let's start
APA Style is the referencing and learning!

publication style created and

supported by the American
Psychological Association. It is an
author-date style, which means you
use the surnames of the authors and
the date of publication in text, and
the reference list is in alphabetical
order.
 APA Style (7th Edition)
American Psychological Association
Things to Note:
Pay attention to the use of commas, the
ampersand (&), and the word "and".
• You use the word "and" when you are using
the author's names as part of your sentence,
but an "&" when the names are in the
brackets or the reference list.
 APA Style (7th Edition)
American Psychological Association
Things to Note:
• In text, you will always use a comma after
each author (except the last one) when you
have more than two names. In your
reference list, you put a comma after each
author (except the last one).
You always put a full stop after the al. in et al.,
because it is short for "et alia" ("and others").
EXAMPLE (COMMA)
Boers, F., Warren, P., He, L., & Deconinck, J.
(2017).

EXAMPLE (et al.)

Narrative Citation: Boers et al. (2017)
Parenthetical Citation: (Boers et al., 2017)
Your reference list will be placed in alphabetical
order based on the name of the first author for
each reference
• If you cite more than one work in the same set of
brackets in text, your citations will go in the
same order in which they will appear in your
reference list (i.e. alphabetical order, then oldest
to newest for works by the same author) and be
separated by a semi-colon. E.g.:
⚬ (Corbin, 2015; James & Waterson, 2017; Smith et al.,
2016).
⚬ (Corbin, 2015; 2018)
⚬ (Queensland Health, 2017a; 2017b)
e
For one or two authors, always mention the names of all
authors

In Text:
Narrative citation: Zhang and Webb (2019) noted that
students who read bilingual books performed better in
vocabulary tests.

Parenthetical citation: Students who read bilingual books

may perform better in vocabulary tests (Zhang & Webb,
2019).
In Your Reference List:

Zhang, Z. & Webb, S. (2019). The effects of reading bilingual books

on vocabulary learning. Reading in a Foreign Language, 31(1),
109–139. http://nflrc.Hawaii.edu/rfl/April2019/April2019/articles/zhang.pdf

Boers, F., Warren, P., He, L., & Deconinck, J. (2017). Does adding
pictures to glosses enhance vocabulary uptake from reading?
System, 66, 113-129. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.system.2017.03.017
When you have 3 or more authors, you only use the first
author's surname in text, and abbreviate the rest of the
list with "et al." (Latin for "and others"). In your reference
list, you list all of the authors.

In Text:
Narrative citation: Boers et al. (2017) research into the
use of pictures in glosses found they may decrease the
amount of attention given to the words.
Parenthetical citation: Using pictures to illustrate glosses
may, in fact, decrease the amount of attention given to
the words (Boers et al., 2017).
Remember, you have to cite every piece of
Wow!

information that came from another source,

whether or not it is in your own words.

Everything cited in the text must appear in the

reference list, and everything in your reference list
must be something you have referred to in text.
GENERAL FORMAT FOR BOOKS
Wow!

Author’s Last Name, Initial of First Name, Middle

Initial if available. (Publication date). Title of
book. Publisher.
For Articles in Print Journals, Magazines
& Newspapers
Author’s last name, Author first initial, Middle initial if avail.
(Date). Article title. Periodical Title, Volume(Issue), pages.
For Articles in Print Journals, Magazines
& Newspapers
For Websites

Names of websites are included (unless it’s the

same as the author). Webpage titles are
italicized. The website URL no longer needs to
start with “Retrieved from”, unless a specific
retrieval date is required.
For Websites
Names of websites are included (unless it’s the same as the
author). Webpage titles are italicized. The website URL no
longer needs to start with “Retrieved from”, unless a specific
retrieval date is required.
TRY THIS!
Use the APA style in organizing the details of the
book:
1.
Author: Mike Cart
Date of Publication: 2002
Title of the book: In the stacks: Short stories about
libraries and librarians.
Publisher: The Overlook Press
TRY THIS!
Use the APA style in organizing the details of the
book:
2.
Authors: Jane Lewis and Christine Rosetti
Date of Publication: 2017
Title of the book: Selected poems
Publisher: The Macmillan Company
TRY THIS!
Use the APA style in organizing the details from a
website:
3.
Author: MacGregor, N.
Date of Publication: no date
Title of the article: Mummy of Hornedjitef. In A History of the World
in 100 Objects.
URL:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/sogITE3FSKStlk12q
d2W3
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 Rules for APA References
Your research paper ends with a list of all the
sources cited in the text of the paper.

1. Start a new page for your Reference list. Center

the title, References, at the top of the page.
2. Double-space the list.
3. Start the first line of each reference at the left
margin; indent each subsequent line five spaces (a
hanging indent).
 Rules for APA References

4. Put your list in alphabetical order. Alphabetize the list

by the first word in the reference. In most cases, the
first word will be the author’s last name. Where the
author is unknown, alphabetize by the first word in the
title, ignoring the words a, an, the.
 Rules for APA References
5. For each author, give the last name followed by a
comma and the first (and middle, if listed) initials
followed by periods.

6. Italicize the titles of these works: books, audiovisual

material, internet documents and newspapers, and the
title and volume number of journals and magazines.
 Rules for APA References
7. Do not italicize titles of most parts of works, such as:
articles from newspapers, magazines, or journals /
essays, poems, short stories or chapter titles from a
book / chapters or sections of an Internet document.

8. In titles of non-periodicals (books, videotapes,

websites, reports, poems, essays, chapters, etc),
capitalize only the first letter of the first word of a title
and subtitle, and all proper nouns (names of people,
places, organizations, nationalities).
 Rules for APA References

9.If a web source (not from the library) is not a

stable archived version, or you are unsure
whether it is stable, include a statement of
the accessed date before the link.
 BOOKS
Book with one author
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title
of book: Subtitle if given. Publisher Name often shortened.

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 BOOKS
Book with Two to Twenty Authors (Print or eBook
from Library Database)
Authors' names are separated by commas. Put a comma and an ampersand (&)
before the name of the last author cited.
Must include ALL names in the reference list for publications with up to 20 authors.
Place of publication is not required when using APA 7th edition.
For library eBooks, the database is not required.

EXAMPLE
Case, L. P., Daristotle, L., Hayek, M. G., & Raash, M. F. (2011). Canine and feline nutrition:
A resource for companion animal professionals. Mosby.
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 BOOKS
Book With Group or Corporate Author
Format
Name of Corporate Author. (Year of Publication). Title of book: Subtitle if given.
Publisher Name often shortened.

EXAMPLE
American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American
Psychological Association..

Note:
If the Corporate Author is also the publisher of the book, omit the Publisher Name.
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 BOOKS
Book with Editor(s), but no Author(s
Format
Editor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Ed.). (Year of
Publication). Title of book: Subtitle if given. Publisher Name often shortened.

EXAMPLE
Leitch, M. G. (Ed.). (2019). A new companion to Malory. D. S. Brewer.

Note:
For a book with more than one editor, follow name conventions for a Book with
Two to Twenty Authors
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 BOOK
Chapters, Short Stories, Essays, or Articles From a Book
(Anthology or Collection
Format
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of chapter,
article, essay or short story. In Editor's First Initial. Second Initial if Given. Editor's Last Name
(Ed.), Title of book (pp. first page number-last page number). Publisher Name often
shortened.
EXAMPLE
Stockert, P. A. & Taylor, C. (2014). Sleep. In P. A. Potter, A. G. Perry, J. C. Ross-Kerr & M. J. Wood
(Eds.), Canadian fundamentals of nursing (pp. 993-1016). Elsevier.
Note: If there is no editor given you may leave out that part of the citation
Note:
If you have more than one editor list their name(s) after the first editor listed in the book, giving their initials and last name.
Put an ampersand (&) before the last editor's name.
When you have one editor the short form (Ed.) is used after the editor's name. If you have more than one editor use (Eds.)
instead.
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 JOURNAL
Journal Article From Library Database with DOI - One Author

Format
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of
Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of Journal, Volume
Number(Issue Number), first page number-last page number.
https://doi.org/DOInumber

EXAMPLE
Bailey, N. W. (2012). Evolutionary models of extended phenotypes. Trends in
Ecology & Evolution, 27(3), 561-569. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000126

https://columbiacollege-ca.libguides.com/apa/booksandebooks
 JOURNAL
Journal Article From Library Database with DOI - Two to
Twenty Authors
Format
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of chapter, article,
essay or short story. In Editor's First Initial. Second Initial if Given. Editor's Last Name (Ed.), Title of
book (pp. first page number-last page number). Publisher Name often shortened. Author's Last Name,
First Initial. Second Initial if Given., & Last Name of Second Author, First Initial. Second Initial if Given.
(Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of Journal, Volume Number(Issue Number), first
page number-last page number. https://doi.org/DOInumber

EXAMPLE
Pempek, T. A., Yermolayeva, Y. A., & Calvert, S. L. (2009). College students' social networking
experiences on Facebook. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 3(2), 227-238.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2008.12.010t
Note: Separate the authors' names by putting a comma between them. For the final author listed add an ampersand (&)
after the comma and before the final author's last name.
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 JOURNAL
Journal Article From a Website - One Author

Format
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if
any. Name of Journal, Volume Number(Issue Number if given). URL

EXAMPLE
Flachs, A. (2010). Food for thought: The social impact of community gardens in the Greater Cleveland
Area. Electronic Green Journal, 1(30). https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6bh7j4z4

Note: Separate the authors' names by putting a comma between them. For the final author listed add an ampersand (&)
after the comma and before the final author's last name.
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 JOURNAL
Journal Article In Print - One Author

Format
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article:
Subtitle if any. Name of Journal, Volume Number(Issue Number), first page number-last page
number.
EXAMPLE
Jungers, W. L. (2010). Biomechanics: Barefoot running strikes back. Nature, 463(2), 433-434

Note: Separate the authors' names by putting a comma between them. For the final author listed add an ampersand (&)
after the comma and before the final author's last name.

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 JOURNAL
When You Have 21 or More Authors
Format
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article:
Subtitle if any. Name of Journal, Volume Number(Issue Number), first page number-last page
number.
Note:
List the first nineteen authors followed by three spaced ellipse points (. . .) , and then the last
author's name.

EXAMPLE
Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L., Iredell, M., Sha, S., White, G.,
Woollen, J., Zhu, Y., Chelliah, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Higgins, W., Janowiak, J., Mo, K. C., Ropepelewski,
C., Wang, J., Leetmaa, A., ... Joesph, D. (1996). The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bulletin
of the American Meteorological Society, 77(3), 437-471. https://doi.org/fg6rf9

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 MAGAZINES
Magazine Article From a Library Database or in Print - One Author
Format
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication, Month Day if Given). Title of
article: Subtitle if any. Name of Magazine, Volume Number(Issue Number), first page number-last page
number.
EXAMPLE
Abramsky, S. (2012, May 14). The other America 2012. Nation, 294(20), 11-18.
Magazine Article From a Library Database or in Print - Two to Twenty Authors
Format
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given., & Last Name of Second Author, First Initial.
Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication, Month Day if Given). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of
Magazine, Volume Number(Issue Number), first page number-last page number if given.

Note: Must spell out up to twenty author names. Separate the authors' names by putting a comma
between them. For the final author listed add an ampersand (&) after the comma and before the final
author's last name
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 MAGAZINE
Magazine Article From a Library Database or in Print - Signed Anonymous
Format
Anonymous. (Year of Publication, Month Day if Given). Article title: Subtitle if any. Name of Magazine,
Volume Number(Issue Number), first page number-last page number if given.
EXAMPLE
Anonymous. (2011). I was going to cheat. Glamour, 109(2), 166-167.

Magazine Article From a Website

Format
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if
any. Name of Magazine, Volume Number(Issue Number if given), first page number-last page number if
given. URL
EXAMPLE
Freedman, D. H. (2012, June). The perfected self. The
Atlantic. http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2012/06/the-perfected-self/8970/4/?
single_page=true
Note: If no volume, issue and/or page numbers are provided, skip them in the citation.
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 NEWSPAPER
Newspaper Article From a Library Database
Format
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication, Month Day if Given). Title of
article: Subtitle if any. Name of Newspaper, p. SectionPage if given.
EXAMPLE
Schachter, H. (2012, June 18). What does it take to be a good team player? The Globe and Mail, B7.
Note: If an article ends with a question mark or exclamation mark (!), you do not need to add a period to mark the end of
the title

Newspaper Article From a Website

Format
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of
Magazine, Volume Number(Issue Number if given), first page number-last page number if given. URL

EXAMPLE
Aw, J. (2012, June 12). Stopping the soda bulge: Why we need to consider restricting sugary
beverages. National Post.
https://nationalpost.com/health/stopping-the-soda-bulge-why-we-need-to-consider-restricting-sugary-
beverages
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 NEWSPAPER
Webpage From a News Website
Format
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication, Month Day if Given). Title of
article: Subtitle if any. Name of News Website. URL
EXAMPLE
Tucker, E. & Miller, Z. (2020, Jan. 18). Dems gear up to make case for Trump's removal. HuffPost.
https://www.huffpost.com/entry/dems-gear-up-to-make-case-for-trumps-removal_n_5e23569ec5b6321176149dbe

Newspaper Article In Print

Format
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication, Month Day if Given). Title of article: Subtitle
if any. Name of Newspaper, Section Page.

EXAMPLE
Aulakh, R. (2012, June 13). From surviving to thriving. Toronto Star, GT1, GT4

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 Lecture/handout
Powerpoint Presentation Slides from a Website
Format
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Presentation Was Created). Title of
presentation: Subtitle if any [PowerPoint presentation]. Name of Website if given. URL
EXAMPLE
Kunka, J. L. (n.d.). Conquering the comma [PowerPoint presentation]. Purdue University Writing Lab
Website. https://owl.english.purdue.edu/workshops/pp/index.html#presentations

Class Handout In Print

Format
Instructor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Year Handout Was Created if known). Title of handout:
Subtitle if any [Class handout]. Columbia College, Course code.

EXAMPLE
Wood, D. (2013). Laboratory safety overview [Class handout]. Columbia College, BIO173.

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 Social Media
Blog Post
Format
Author's Last Name, First intial. Second Initial if Given. or Username if real name not provided. (Year blog
post was published, Month Day). Title of blog post. Title of Blog. URL
EXAMPLE
Tobbs, D. (2012, June 13). Fun in cities: Feature, not bug. Wired Science. http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/
2012/06/fun-in-cities-feature-not-bug/

Note: If the blog author's real name is not provided, use their username instead.
Streaming Video From a Website (YouTube, Vimeo, Hulu, etc.) - Poster's Name Known
Note: According to APA, for citing purposes the person who posted the video is credited as the author .
Format
Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial. of person who posted the video if known. [User name that posted the video] . (Year
video was posted, Month Day). Title of video [Video]. Name of Streaming Service. URL

EXAMPLE
Nye, B. [TheRealBillNye]. (2009, April 8). Bill Nye the science guy on energy [Video]. You Tube.
http://youtu.be/0ASLLiuejAo
https://columbiacollege-ca.libguides.com/apa/SocialMedia
 Social Media
Blog Post
Format
Author's Last Name, First intial. Second Initial if Given. or Username if real name not provided. (Year blog
post was published, Month Day). Title of blog post. Title of Blog. URL
EXAMPLE
Tobbs, D. (2012, June 13). Fun in cities: Feature, not bug. Wired Science. http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/
2012/06/fun-in-cities-feature-not-bug/

Note: If the blog author's real name is not provided, use their username instead.
Streaming Video From a Website (YouTube, Vimeo, Hulu, etc.) - Poster's Name Known
Note: According to APA, for citing purposes the person who posted the video is credited as the author .
Format
Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial. of person who posted the video if known. [User name that posted the video] . (Year
video was posted, Month Day). Title of video [Video]. Name of Streaming Service. URL

EXAMPLE
Nye, B. [TheRealBillNye]. (2009, April 8). Bill Nye the science guy on energy [Video]. You Tube.
http://youtu.be/0ASLLiuejAo
https://columbiacollege-ca.libguides.com/apa/SocialMedia
 Thank You!
Note: More examples will be provided through pdf regarding the:

a) Referencing of missing elements

b) APA 7 edition Reference Guide
th

c) Student annotated APA style

d) Six steps proper citation **