Capter 1ppt on Components of Food

CHAPTER - 1
COMPONENTS OF FOOD
 Introduction to Components of
Food
 All living organisms such as plants and animals require food. So,
food is essential for all living organisms.
 The food that we eat consists of different components or
nutrients.
 Nutrients are required for proper growth and healthy body
function.
 The process by which we obtain food and utilize it for growth and
 development is called nutrition.
 Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals are

essential components of food, these components are

CARBOHYDRATES
 Provides energy to our body.
 There are two types of carbohydrates: SUGAR and STARCH
 The sources of carbohydrates include cereals such as wheat, maize, rice,
jawar, bajra, potatoes, bread etc.
Test for carbohydrates:
 Step 1: Take the food item in the test tube and add 2-3 drops of dilute
iodine solution to it.
 Step 2: After some time if the colour changes to blue-black, it indicates the
presence of starch in the food item.
FATS
 Provides energy to our body.
 Fats are the slowest source of energy but the most energy-efficient form of food.
 Each gram of fat supplies the body with calories, more than twice that supplied by
equal amount of proteins or carbohydrates.
 Food containing both carbohydrates and fat are called ‘Energy Giving Foods’
 Plant source: ground nut oil, Mustard oil, Sunflower oil, Coconut oil, Cashew,
Soyabean
 Animal source: Butter, ghee, milk, cheese, egg yolk, Meat, fish.
 Excess body fat leads to a condition called Obesity. Obesity may lead to heart
diseases.
Test for fats:
Step 1: Take some food item in a paper and wrap it.
Step 2: Then try to crush it taking care that the paper is not torn.
Step 3: After that take out the food item and allow the paper to be dried for
some time.
Step 4: If you can find the oil spots on the paper it indicates the presence of
fats in the food item.
PROTEINS
 Protein is needed for growth and repair of our body.
 Food containing proteins are called ‘BODY BUILDING FOODS’
 Children require more protein because of the rapid growth of their body.
 Our Muscles, organs even bloods are made up of mostly proteins.

.
 Plant source: peas, soyabean, groundnut,
 Animal source: Milk, cheese, fish, meat, chicken, eggs

Test for proteins:
Step 1: Take food item in the test tube and Add 10 drops of water to it and
mix well.
Step 2: Now add 2 drops of copper sulphate and ten drops of caustic soda
(sodium hydroxide) solution.
Step 3: Mix it well and keep it undisturbed for some time.
Step 4: After some time you observe the development of violet color in the
test tube, it indicates the presence or the proteins.
VITAMINS
→ Vitamins are a group of organic compound which is essential in small
amounts for maintaining normal health and development.
→ Vitamins help in protecting our body against diseases. It helps in keeping

our eyes, bones, teeth and gums healthy.
→ There are two types of vitamins some are fat soluble and some are water
soluble.
→ Vitamins are of different types: - vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E,

and vitamin K.
→ There are some other vitamins known as vitamin B complex which contain
vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin
B9 and vitamin B12.
MINERALS
Minerals perform important functions such as formation of bones, teeth
and blood cell and also maintain the normal heartbeat.
 Minerals are nutrients that contain certain elements.
 They are required in small quantities in our diet.
 Their deficiency also leads to efficiency diseases
Roughage
→ Roughage is also called dietary fibers.
→ It consist of indigestible plant carbohydrates called cellulose.
→ The source of Roughage is fresh fruits, whole grains and pulses.

WATER
 Water makes up almost 70 per cent of our body weight.
 It helps to transport substances inside our body.
 It helps our body to absorb nutrients from food.
 It helps to regulate our body temperature.
 It is needed for various chemical reactions that take place inside
our body during digestion, excretion, etc.
 We get water not only from the liquids we drink but also from the
food we eat. Milk, fruits, vegetables, and juices are good sources of
water
BALANCED DIET
• A balanced diet is food intake that includes all the dietary needs of the
organism in the correct proportions.
• Balanced diet comprises the components like carbohydrates, proteins,
fats, vitamins, minerals and enough water. Balanced diet keeps our
body fit and resistant to diseases
• It can be very harmful for us to eat too much of fat rich foods and we
may end up suffering from a condition called obesity.

Good Cooking Habits:
 Overheating, overcooking destroys nutrients and add extra calories at
times.
 Vitamin C is destroyed due to overheating.
 Use of excess water is not desirable.
 Washing of rice and pulses repeatedly removes nutrients.
 Vegetables and fruits should be washed before cutting

DEFICIENCY DISEASES
•Diseases that occur due to lack of nutrients over a long period are called deficiency
diseases.
•Deficiency of carbohydrates causes lack of energy and stamina.
•Deficiency of proteins causes kwashiorkor whereas combined deficiency of proteins and
carbohydrates causes marasmus.
•Deficiency of vitamins can cause night blindness, beriberi, anemia, scurvy, and rickets.
•Deficiency of water can cause dehydration.
•Deficiency of minerals can cause osteoporosis, rickets, anaemia, and goiter

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CHAPTER - 1

 Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals are

 Food containing proteins are called ‘BODY BUILDING FOODS’

 Our Muscles, organs even bloods are made up of mostly proteins.

 Animal source: Milk, cheese, fish, meat, chicken, eggs

Step 3: Mix it well and keep it undisturbed for some time.

→ Vitamins help in protecting our body against diseases. It helps in keeping

→ Vitamins are of different types: - vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E,

 Minerals are nutrients that contain certain elements.

 They are required in small quantities in our diet.

 Their deficiency also leads to efficiency diseases

→ It consist of indigestible plant carbohydrates called cellulose.

→ The source of Roughage is fresh fruits, whole grains and pulses.

organism in the correct proportions.

• Balanced diet comprises the components like carbohydrates, proteins,

body fit and resistant to diseases

may end up suffering from a condition called obesity.

 Vitamin C is destroyed due to overheating.

 Use of excess water is not desirable.

 Washing of rice and pulses repeatedly removes nutrients.

 Vegetables and fruits should be washed before cutting

•Deficiency of carbohydrates causes lack of energy and stamina.

•Deficiency of proteins causes kwashiorkor whereas combined deficiency of proteins and

carbohydrates causes marasmus.

•Deficiency of water can cause dehydration.

•Deficiency of minerals can cause osteoporosis, rickets, anaemia, and goiter

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