MySQL

MySQL Server
Relational Database
Management System (RDBMS)
It is a program used to create, update, and manage relational databases.
Some of the most well-known RDBMSs include MySQL, PostgreSQL, MariaDB, Microsoft SQL
Server, and Oracle Database.
They use SQL queries to access the data in the database.
MySQL RDBMS Functions
Before 8.0, temporary tables were handled by • Data in MySQL is stored in tables, which are
heap engine. The heap engine had no feature organized into rows and columns.
to store bigger tables on disk.
• Each table corresponds to an entity and
Since 8.0, there is a brand new temptable stores related information.
engine, which has following advantages:
• it is able to store bigger tables on disk (in • MySQL supports various data types like INT,
temporary files), VARCHAR, DATE, BLOB, JSON, etc., to store
• it uses row format with variable size (can different types of data in tables.
save memory for varchars),
• it is better designed (easier to maintain).
Indexes:
• Used to speed up data retrieval.
• Are created on columns that are
frequently used in search or sorting
operations.
MySQL Query optimization tool that:

• Enhances data retrieval speed and
efficiency
• Impacting the application's overall
performance and success.
• MySQL reports can be created directly or
they can be defined in scripts automatically
loaded as MySQL starts.
• MySQL Shell enables you to set up and run

reports to display live information from a
MySQL server.
• MySQL Reports are easy to generate and

there are many 3rd Party Visualization
Applications that can be easily integrated to
MySQL DB
• MySQL allows the full range of
SQL CRUD operations (Create,
Read, Update, Delete).
• Programming Language used: SQL
• MySQL supports transactions, by

grouping multiple queries into
one query.
• If an error occurs, a ROLLBACK

command can undo the
transaction.
User Privileges and Roles: • Audit Log:
• GRANT and REVOKE commands to control • audit log plugin to track database
access to databases and tables. activities.
• Role-Based Access Control (RBAC):
• Password Management
MySQL 8.0 introduced roles, allowing
multiple users to share permissions.
Encryption:
• SSL/TLS Encryption:
to protect data during transmission.
• Transparent Data Encryption (TDE):
for encrypting data at rest (requires
additional configuration).
• Backup and Recovery
• mysqldump
• Replication
• Point-in-Time Recovery (PITR)
• Monitoring
• Real-time performance metrics
• MySQL Workbench
• Error Log
• Optimization
• Query Optimization
• Performance Schema
MySQL Editions & Versions
2 Main Editions: MySQL Community Edition & MySQL Enterprise Edition
There are 3 sub – MySQL Enterprise Editions (PAID)
◦ MySQL Standard Edition
◦ MySQL Enterprise Edition
◦ MySQL Cluster CGE
All Editions comes with Oracle Premier Support:

◦ 24x7 Support
◦ Unlimited Support Incidents
◦ Knowledge Base
◦ Maintenance Releases
Further Information on the differences in support for each MySQL Edition:

https://www.mysql.com/products/enterprise/compare/
MySQL Editions & Versions
MySQL 8.4
(Current)
MySQL 8.3
MySQL 8.2 2024
MySQL 8.1 2023
MySQL 8.0 2023
MySQL 5.7 2016
• Continuously
2013
updated until
• Obsolete / no 2023
longer
supported
MySQL 8.0 vs MySQL 5.7
The data shows that MySQL 8.0 has had more bugs fixed than MySQL 5.7 when compared to
equivalent releases five years after their initial General Availability release.
MySQL Advantages
1. Open Source 5. High Availability
◦ Cost-effective ◦ Replication
◦ Clustering
◦ Transparency
6. Security Features:
2. High Performance ◦ Data Encryption
◦ Optimized for Read-heavy Applications ◦ Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
◦ Indexing and Caching
◦ InnoDB Storage Engine 7. Support for Multiple Data Types
◦ Allows flexibility in data storage and manipulation
3. Cross-platform Support: 8. Community and Documentation
◦ compatible Linux, Windows, macOS, and Unix
4. Scalability and Flexibility

◦ Horizontal Scalability
◦ Vertical Scalability
MySQL Disadvantages
1. Limited Support for Advanced Features
◦ Complex Queries
◦ Stored Procedures and Triggers not a complex as other RDBMS
2. Scalability Challenges for Write-heavy Applications

3. Replication and Data Consistency
◦ Replication Latency
◦ Replication Setup Complexity
4. Concurrency Issues
1. More concurrency of query executions requires significantly more server memory.
2. In an extreme case if the amount of memory needed by all active connections exceeds server
memory, the MySQL server may revert to memory/disk swapping, which will greatly impact user
response times.

MySQL

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MySQL Server

MySQL Query optimization tool that:

• MySQL Shell enables you to set up and run

• MySQL Reports are easy to generate and

• Programming Language used: SQL

• MySQL supports transactions, by

• If an error occurs, a ROLLBACK

All Editions comes with Oracle Premier Support:

Further Information on the differences in support for each MySQL Edition:

4. Scalability and Flexibility

2. Scalability Challenges for Write-heavy Applications

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