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    COORDINATE GEOMETRY

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    nityamakhija09

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    COORDINATE GEOMETRY

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    nityamakhija09
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    9 views12 pages

    COORDINATE GEOMETRY

    Uploaded by

    nityamakhija09

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    COORDINATE

    GEOMETRY
    COORDINATE GEOMETRY (OR ANALYTIC GEOMETRY) IS DEFINED AS THE
    STUDY OF GEOMETRY USING THE COORDINATE POINTS.
    INTRODUCTION
    • Using coordinate geometry, it is possible to find the distance between two points, dividing lines in m:n
    ratio, finding the mid-point of a line, calculating the area of a triangle in the Cartesian plane, etc.

    • Coordinate Geometry Terms


    • Coordinate Geometry Definition: It is one of the branches of geometry where the position of
    a point is defined using coordinates.
    • What are the Coordinates?
    Coordinates are a set of values which helps to show the exact position of a point in the coordinate plane.

    • Coordinate Plane Meaning: A coordinate plane is a 2D plane which is formed by the


    intersection of two perpendicular lines known as the x-axis and y-axis.
    RENÉ DESCARTES (1596-1650)

    HISTORY
    The method of describing the location of points in
    this way was proposed by the French
    mathematician René Descartes (1596 - 1650).
    (Pronounced "day CART"). He proposed further
    that curves and lines could be described by
    equations using this technique, thus being the first
    to link algebra and geometry. In honor of his work,
    the coordinates of a point are often referred to as
    its Cartesian coordinates, and the coordinate plane
    as the Cartesian Coordinate Plane.
    CARTESIAN SYSTEM
    • Cartesian System: The system used to describe the
    position of a point in a plane is called the Cartesian
    system.
    • In a Cartesian system, there are two perpendicular lines
    and a point is located by referring them. The horizontal
    line XX’ is called X-axis and vertical line YY’ is called Y-
    coordinate.
    • The point where these lines intersect each other is
    called origin and is denoted by ‘O’. OX and OY are called
    positive directions while OX’ and OY’ are called negative
    directions. These axes divide the plane into four parts. .
    • The point where these lines intersect each other is
    called origin and is denoted by ‘O’. OX and OY are called
    positive directions while OX’ and OY’ are called negative
    directions. These axes divide the plane into four parts.
    QUADRANTS
    • These four parts are called the
    quadrants (one-fourth part)
    numbered I, II, III and IV anti-
    clockwise from OX. So, the plane
    consists of these axes and these
    quadrants are called the Cartesian
    plane or the coordinate plane or the
    XY-plane. These axes are called the
    coordinate axes.
    I) The x-coordinate of a point is its
    perpendicular distance from the Y-axis
    measured along the X-axis (positive along the
    positive direction of the X-axis and negative
    along the negative direction of the X-axis). The
    x-coordinate is also called the abscissa.
    (ii) The Y-coordinates of a point is its
    perpendicular distance from the X-axis
    measured along the Y-axis (positive along the
    positive direction of the Y-axis and negative
    along the negative direction of the Y-axis). The
    Y-coordinate is also called the ordinate.
    (iii) In stating the coordinates of a point in the
    coordinate plane, the x-coordinate comes first
    and then the Y-coordinate. We place the
    coordinates in brackets.
    • The relationship between the
    Signs of the Coordinates of a
    Point and the Quadrant in which
    It Lies
    • (I) If a point is in the 1 quadrant, then the point will be in
    the form (+, +), since the 1 quadrant is enclosed by the
    positive X-axis and the positive Y-axis.

    • (ii) If a point is in the Il quadrant, then the point will be in


    the form (-, +), since the Il quadrant is enclosed by the
    negative X-axis and the positive Y-axis.

    • (iii) If a point is in the Ill quadrant, then the point will be in


    the form (-, -), since the Ill quadrant is enclosed by the
    negative X-axis and the negative Y-axis.

    • (iv) If a point is in the IV quadrant, then the point will be


    in the form (+, -), since the IV quadrant is enclosed by the
    positive X-axis and the negative Y-axis
    Plotting on a Graph
    Representation of a point on the
    Cartesian plane
    Using the co-ordinate axes, we can
    describe any point in the plane
    using an ordered pair of numbers.
    A point A is represented by an
    ordered pair (x, y) where x is the
    abscissa and y is the ordinate of the
    point.
    Plotting a point
    The coordinate points will define the location in
    the Cartesian plane. The first point (x) in the
    coordinates represents the horizontal axis, and
    the second point in the coordinates (y)
    represents the vertical axis.
    Consider an example, Point (3, 2) is 3 units
    away from the positive y-axis and 2 units away
    from the positive x-axis. Therefore, point (3, 2)
    can be plotted, as shown below. Similarly, (-2,
    3), (-1, -2) and (2, -3) are plotted.
    EXAMPLE
    Plot the points (x, y) given in the following table on the plane,
    choosing suitable units of distance on the axes.

    x -2 -1 0 1 3
    y 8 7 -1.25 3 -1

    SOLUTION
    The points to plotted on the(x,y) are:

    (-2,8)
    (-1,7)
    (0,-1.25)
    (1,3)
    (3,-1)
    On the graph mark X-axis and Y-axis. Mark the meeting point as
    O.

    Now, Let 1 unit = 1 cm

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