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Unit3

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68 views11 pages

Unit3

Uploaded by

Aly Akbar Sadakaly
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Web Data Management

Prof. Rinkal Sarvaiya, Assistant Professor


IT & Computer Science
Unit 3 - XQuery
What is XQuery?
• XQuery is a functional language that is used to retrieve information
stored in XML format.
• XQuery can be used on XML documents, relational databases containing data
in XML formats, or XML Databases.
• XQuery 3.0 is a W3C recommendation from April 8, 2014.
• The definition of XQuery as given by its official documentation is as follows:
XQuery is a standardized language for combining documents, databases,
Web pages and almost anything else.
• It is very widely implemented.
• It is powerful and easy to learn.
• XQuery is replacing proprietary middleware languages
and Web Application development languages.
• XQuery is replacing complex Java or C++ programs
with a few lines of code. XQuery is simpler to work
with and easier to maintain than many other
alternatives.
Characteristics

• Functional Language ─ XQuery is a language to retrieve/querying XML based


data.
• Analogous to SQL ─ XQuery is to XML what SQL is to databases.
• XPath based ─ XQuery uses XPath expressions to navigate through XML
documents.
• Universally accepted ─ XQuery is supported by all major databases.
• W3C Standard ─ XQuery is a W3C standard
Benefits of XQuery

• Using XQuery, both hierarchical and tabular data can be retrieved.


• XQuery can be used to query tree and graphical structures.
• XQuery can be directly used to query webpages.
• XQuery can be directly used to build webpages.
• XQuery can be used to transform xml documents.
• XQuery is ideal for XML-based databases and object-based databases. Object
databases are much more flexible and powerful than purely tabular databases.
Book.xml
Books.xqy
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<books> for $x in doc("books.xml")/books/book
<book category="JAVA"> where $x/price>30
<title lang="en">Learn Java in 24 Hours</title> return $x/title
<author>Robert</author>
<year>2005</year>
<price>30.00</price>
</book> Output
<book category="DOTNET">
<title lang="en">Learn .Net in 24 hours</title>
<title lang="en"> Learn Java in 24 Hours </title>
<author>Peter</author>
<title lang="en"> Learn .Net in 24 hours </title>
<year>2011</year>
<price>70.50</price>
</book>
XQuery ─ FLWOR

FLWOR is an acronym that stands for "For, Let, Where, Order by, Return".
The following list shows what they account for in a FLWOR expression:
 F - For - Selects a collection of all nodes.
 L - Let - Puts the result in an XQuery variable.
 W - Where - Selects the nodes specified by the condition.
 O - Order by - Orders the nodes specified as per criteria.
 R - Return - Returns the final result.
Example : We will use a FLWOR expression to retrieve the titles of those books with a price greater than 30.

Books.xml Books.xqy
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> let $books := (doc("books.xml")/books/book)
<books> return
<book category="JAVA"> {
<title lang="en">Learn Java in 24 Hours</title> for $x in $books
<author>Robert</author> where $x/price>30
<year>2005</year> order by $x/price
<price>30.00</price> return $x/title
</book> }
<book category="DOTNET">
<title lang="en">Learn .Net in 24 hours</title>
<author>Peter</author>
<year>2011</year>
<price>70.50</price>
</book>
Advance Expressions
• Except FLOWR others expression also there :
1) XQuery Conditional Expression :
"If-Then-Else" expressions are allowed in XQuery.
Example :

<adult>Dot Not
</adult>
for $x in doc("books.xml")/books/book <child>peter</
child>
return if ($x/@category=“java") <adult>Java</a
dult>
then <child>{data($x/title)}</child> <child>Robert<
/child>
else <adult>{data($x/title)}</adult>
XQuery Regular Expression

Index Name Description


1) matches($input, $regex) It returns true if the input matches with the provided
regular expression.
2) replace($input, $regex, It is used to replace the matched input string with
$string) given string.
3) tokenize($input, $regex) It is used to return a sequence of items matching the
regular expression.

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