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    Biofuels

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    faiqatabassum5
    biofuels

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    Biofuels

    Uploaded by

    faiqatabassum5
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    biofuels

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    biofuels

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    2 views22 pages

    Biofuels

    Uploaded by

    faiqatabassum5
    biofuels

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    Biofuels

    Definition
    • Biofuel is any fuel that is derived from biomass, recently living organisms or
    their metabolic by products, such as manure from cows
    Or
    Any hydrocarbon fuel that is produced from organic matter in a short period of
    time
    Biofuels may be solid, liquid or gaseous in nature.
    These can be used to replace or can be used in addition to diesel, petrol or other
    fossil fuels for transport. Also they can be used to generate heat and electricity.
    Some of the main reasons for shifting to biofuels are the rising prices of oil,
    emission of the greenhouse gases from fossil fuels .
    • It is a renewable energy source.

    • Types of Biofuels on the basis of generations

    • 1. First generation Biofuels: First generation biofuels are biofuels which

    are produced from food crops (sugar or oil crops)

    • Eg: Bioethanol, Biodiesel and biogas


    • Bioethanol is produced by fermenting sugars from starch and sugar biomass
    • It can be used in pure form in adapted vehicles or blended with gasoline in
    any proportion upto 10%
    • Biodiesel is made from vegetable oils of rapeseed, palm fruits or other oil
    crops via the reaction of triglycerides with methanol and alkali or acid
    • It can be used in pure form in adapted vehicles or be blended with
    automotive diesel in any proportion up to 5%.
    • Biogas is obtained by anaerobic treatment of manure and other humid
    biomass materials including food waste, and then upgraded to biomethane
    that can be feed-in into the natural gas grid.
    Second Generation Biofuels

    • It can be produced from non-food crops.

    Eg. Forest residues, agricultural waste, grasses etc

    Third generation biofuels: Biofuels that are derived from aquatic


    biomass such as algae

    Fourth generation biofuels: Biofuels that are derived from engineered


    plants and microorganisms.
    Advantages of Biofuels
    • Availability: Biofuels are produced from biomass and thus are
    renewable.
    • Source Material: Whereas oil is a limited resource that comes from
    specific matewrials, biofuels can be manufactured from a wide range
    of materials including crop waste, manure and other byproducts.
    • Control of Environment Pollution: Biofuels do not release as much
    carbon as fossil fuels do. Biofuels can help in managing the municipal
    solid wastes eg. Waste can be converted into fuel.
    Conti..

    • Security: Biofuels can be produced locally, which decreases the nation’s


    dependence upon foreign energy. By reducing dependence on foreign fuel
    sources, countries can protect the integrity of their energy resources and
    make them safe from outside influences.

    • Economic stimulation: Because biofuels are produced locally, biofuel


    manufacturing plants can employ hundreds or thousands of workkers,
    creating new jobs in rural areas.
    Disadvantages of Biofuel
    • Efficiency: Fossil fuels produce more energy than some of the biofuels. Eg. 1
    gallon of ethanol produces less energy as compared to 1 gallon of gasoline (a
    fossil fuel).
    • Cost: Production of biofuels require land, this impacts cost of biofuels as well
    as that of food crops. Excess number of crops used for producing biofuels may
    lead to the loss of biodiversity.
    • Food shortages: There is a concern that using valuable cropland to grow fuel
    crops could have an impact on the cost of food and could possibly lead to food
    shortages.
    • Water use: Massive quantities of water are required for proper irrigation of
    biofuel crops as well as to manufacture the fuel, which could strain local and
    regional water resources.
    Energy Resources
    • The sun is the main source of energy on Earth. Other energy sources
    include coal, geothermal energy, wind energy, biomass, petrol, nuclear
    energy, and many more. Energy is classified into various types based
    on sustainability as renewable sources of energy and non-renewable
    sources of energy.
    Sources of Energy
    • Renewable Sources
    • Non-renewable Sources
    • Renewable sources of energy are available plentiful in nature and are
    sustainable. These resources of energy can be naturally replenished
    and are safe for the environment.

    • Examples of renewable sources of energy are: Solar energy,


    geothermal energy, wind energy, biomass, hydropower and tidal
    energy.
    • A non-renewable resource is a natural resource that is found
    underneath the earth. These type of energy resources do not replenish
    at the same speed at which it is used. They take millions of years to
    replenish. The main examples of non-renewable resources are coal, oil
    and natural gas.

    • Examples of non-renewable sources of energy are: Natural gas,


    coal, petroleum, nuclear energy and hydrocarbon gas liquids.
    Renewable Non-renewable

    The resources that can be renewed once they are The resources that cannot be renewed once they
    consumed are called renewable sources of are consumed are called non-renewable sources
    energy. of energy.

    These resources do not cause any environmental


    These resources cause environmental pollution..
    pollution.

    Renewable resources are inexhaustible. Non- Renewable resources are exhaustible.

    Renewable resources are not affected by human Non- Renewable resources are affected by
    activities. human activities.

    Examples of Renewable resources- Air, water Examples of Non-renewable resources- natural


    and solar energy. gas, coal and nuclear energy.
    Renewable Resources : Examples

    Sun - The energy obtained from sunlight is solar energy. The sun is the ultimate natural resource for
    all living beings on the earth. Plants utilise solar energy and make their own food through
    photosynthesis.
    Wind - It is an important renewable resource required for the survival of living organisms. Air is
    important to carry out photosynthesis (the process by which green plants turn carbon dioxide and
    water into food using energy from sunlight) and respiration (the inhaling of oxygen and the exhaling
    of carbon dioxide) in plants and animals, respectively. The energy that is obtained from wind is
    termed as wind energy.
    Conti..
    • Water - Water is required for survival. Humans use water for a variety of reasons,
    including drinking, washing, cooking, and cultivating crops. Hydro energy is
    generated by water flowing into a river or water held in a dam. Hydro energy is power
    that is generated from moving water such as rivers
    • Soil- Soil is a valuable resource as it is the layer in which plants grow. Living beings
    require food to live. Plants produce most of the food that is required by living
    organisms.
    • Biogas- Biogas is a form of fuel that is a mixture of gases such as methane, carbon
    dioxide, hydrogen, and other gases produced by the breakdown of animal and plant
    wastes such as animal dung in the presence of water with the help of microorganisms.
    It is commonly used as a fuel for gas stoves, particularly in rural regions.
    Non-renewable Resources : Examples

    • Fossil Fuels- Fossil fuels are non-renewable energy sources. This means that they will ultimately be finished,
    which is why energy prices are rising. Fossil fuels consist of coal, natural gas and petroleum.
    • Coal- Coal is used as a fuel, to generate electricity, and in factories and steam engines.

    • Natural gas- Natural gas, often known as compressed natural gas, is an excellent alternative to petrol and
    diesel. It burns quickly and generates a large amount of heat. It's an excellent source of hydrogen

    • Petroleum- Mineral oil or crude oil are other names for petroleum. Petrol, diesel, cooking gas, and kerosene
    are all made from this liquid mineral. It can be found deep within the earth.

    • Nuclear energy- This energy source involves use of radioactive material that is found in nature. Uranium is
    primarily used to make nuclear reactor fuel rods. Heat is generated when neutrons(neutral particles present in
    the atom) hit with the fuel rods. This converts water to steam, which is used to move turbines. As a result, it
    generates electricity.

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