Revision 8

Mathematics
Jeric R. Cantos
Transformations
 Learning objectives:
Recognise, discribe and draw different
transformations.
Success Criteria:
 Learners can recognise, discribe and
draw different transformations.
Transformations
01 Translatio
ns
02 Reflectio
ns
03 Rotations
04 Enlargements
04 Combime of
transformations
01 Translatio
ns
What is translations?
 A translation is the movement of a shape
 The size, shape and orientation (which way up it is) of the
shape stays the same
How do I translate a
shape?
 The movement of a translation is described by a vector
 Vectors are written as column vectors in the form

STEP 1:
Select a vertex on the original object, move it according to the information given in the column vector
STEP 2:
Repeat STEP 1 for each of the vertices on the original object
STEP 3:
Connect the translated vertices and label the translated image
 In some cases, where the vectors are small enough, the image can overlap the object
 The vector is how the shape moves not the size of the gap between the object and the image, watch out for this
common error!
How do I translate a shape?
On the grid below translate shape P using the vector
STEP 1:
Select a vertex on the
original object, move it
according to the
information given in the
column vector
STEP 1:
Select a vertex on the original object,
move it according to the information
given in the column vector
STEP 2:
Repeat STEP 1 for each of the vertices
on the original object
STEP 3:
Connect the translated vertices and
label the translated image
STEP 1:
Select a vertex on the original object,
move it according to the information
given in the column vector
STEP 2:
Repeat STEP 1 for each of the vertices
on the original object
STEP 3:
Connect the translated vertices and
label the translated image
Describe fully the single
transformation that
creates shape B from
shape A.
On the grid below translate shape A using the vector
02 Reflection
s
What is Reflections?
 A reflection is a mirror image of an object across a line of reflection/mirror line
 The reflected image is the same shape and size as the original object but it has
been "flipped" across the mirror line to a new position and orientation
 Points on the mirror line do not move, they stay where they are!
How do I reflect a shape?
 The perpendicular distance between a point on the original object and the mirror line, should be the
same as the perpendicular distance between the corresponding point on the reflected image and the
mirror line
STEP 1:
From a point on the original object measure the perpendicular distance to the mirror line
STEP 2:
Continuing from that point on the mirror line, and in the same direction, measure the same distance
again
STEP 3:
Mark the corresponding point on the reflected image at the position you have reached
STEP 4:
Join together the reflected points and label the reflected image
STEP 1:
From a point on the original object measure
the perpendicular distance to the mirror line
STEP 2:
Continuing from that point on the mirror
line, and in the same direction, measure the
same distance again
STEP 3:
Mark the corresponding point on the
reflected image at the position you have
reached
STEP 4:
Join together the reflected points and label
the reflected image
Double Reflections
 Double reflections are where the mirror line passes

through the shape being reflected
 Part of the shape gets reflected on one side of the
mirror line, the other part gets reflected on the other
side
Shape A has been reflected in the line y = 5 to create

shape B.
Regular polygons
 The way to identify these is to
look at one vertex (point) on
the shape and its
corresponding position
 If it is a reflection it will be
“back-to-front” on the other
sid
Reflect shape in the line
.
 Reflecting in diagonal lines can be

much tricker
 The perpendicular distance can be

measured directly using a ruler
 You can also count the number of

squares horizontally and vertically until
you reach the mirror line,
Shape A has been reflected in the line y = x +3 to

create shape B.
03 Rotations
What is Rotation?
 A rotation is the movement of an object around a point
 The rotated image is the same size and shape as the original image, but it will
have a new position and orientation
How do I rotate a shape?
•The easiest way to draw a rotation is to use tracing paper.
•Place the tracing paper over page and draw over the original
object
•Place the point of your pencil on the centre of rotation
•Rotate the tracing paper the angle that has been asked for in
the question, it will usually be an "easy" angle such as 90 o,
180o or 270o
On the grid below rotate shape A by 90o anti-clockwise about the point (0, 2).
Label your answer A'.
How do I rotate a shape?

STEP 1:
Place the tracing paper over page and draw
over the original object
STEP 2:
Place the point of your pencil on the centre
of rotation
STEP 3:
Rotate the tracing paper the angle that has
been asked for in the question.
STEP 4:
Your tracing paper is in the position showing
you where to draw the rotated image,
carefully draw the image onto the
coordinate grid
Rotate the triangle 900
clockwise around the
origin (0,0).
Rotate the Shape 900
clockwise around the
(-4,0).
How to find the
angle and point of
rotation.
04 Enlargeme
nt
What is Enlargement?
 An enlargement is a transformation that changes the size of the shape
 The scale factor tells you how many times bigger each edge of the enlarged
image will be compared to the corresponding edge on the original object
 If the scale factor is greater than 1, the enlarged image will be bigger than
the original object
 If the scale factor is less than 1, the enlarged image will be smaller than the
original object
 The position of a shape will also change with enlargement
 The orientation of the shape will be the same for a positive enlargement
How do I enlarge a shape?
STEP 1:
Starting from the centre of enlargement, count the horizontal and vertical distances to
one vertex on the original object
STEP 2:
Multiply the distances by the given scale factor
STEP 3:
Starting again from the centre of enlargement, measure the new distances and mark the position on the grid of the
corresponding vertex on the enlarged image
The distances from the centre of enlargement to the enlarged image will be in the same direction for a positive scale factor
and the opposite direction for a negative scale factor
STEP 4:
Repeat STEPs 1 to 3 for the remaining vertices
STEP 5:
Connect the vertices on the enlarged image and label it
On the grid below enlarge shape C using scale factor 2 and centre of enlargement (2, 1).
Label your translated shape C'.
STEP 1:
Starting from the centre of enlargement, count
the horizontal and vertical distances to
one vertex on the original object
STEP 2:
Multiply the distances by the given scale factor
STEP 3:
Starting again from the centre of enlargement,
measure the new distances and mark the
position on the grid of the corresponding
vertex on the enlarged image
The distances from the centre of enlargement
to the enlarged image will be in the same
direction for a positive scale factor and the
opposite direction for a negative scale factor
STEP 4:
Repeat STEPs 1 to 3 for the remaining vertices
STEP 5:
Connect the vertices on the enlarged image and
label it

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Mathematics

 Vectors are written as column vectors in the form

 Double reflections are where the mirror line passes

Shape A has been reflected in the line y = 5 to create

 Reflecting in diagonal lines can be

 The perpendicular distance can be

 You can also count the number of

Shape A has been reflected in the line y = x +3 to

How do I rotate a shape?

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