Understanding

Culture, Society and

Politics
Quarter 3 –
Module 5 :
MELC:
Explain the context, content, processes, and consequences of
socialization. At the end of the module, you should be able to:
K: Explain the context, content, processes and consequence of
socialization
S: Displays mastery in identifying the content and context to be
observed in interacting with others in society and the
consequences in ignoring the rules
A: Recognize the value of the agents in socialization when it
comes to influencing the members of the community
 Socialization continues to be important part of
human development. It is an instrument on
how an individual will adapt to his existence to
survive. The process of socialization enables the
individual to grow and function socially
(Medina, 1991 p. 47). Hence, the change in
man’s social reality modifies his culture. The
culture becomes internalized that the individual
“imbibe” it. This influences his/her conduct.
 Agents of Socialization
These refers to the various social groups or social institutions
that play a significant role in introducing and integrating the
individual as an accepted and functioning member of society
(Banaag, 2019 p.138)
 Mass Media and Technology
The strongest and the most argued indirect agent of
socialization. It puts us different ideas and mannerism
without any kind of direct interpersonal communication.
Despite this, it influences our lives to a great extent, as
we tend to learn a lot from mass media, which include
newspapers, magazines, radio, Internet, video games and
television. Some researchers show that most people,
adults and children alike, often tend to get so carried
away by the influence of media that they confused
between the notions of ‘reality’ and ‘fiction’.
 Family
Typically, the process of socialization begins in the family. It is our
first source through which we commence our social communication.

As a child, a person learns to see and interpret himself and society

through the eyes and understanding of his parents and other elders
of the family. It is with the aid of the older family members that
he/she becomes familiar with social culture. It is through family that
‘socially acceptable’ ways of thinking and behaving are imparted to
a child. Values such as sharing, honesty, idealism, discipline, and the
like are also cultivated in a person through his family.
Gender roles are also learned in the family. The term gender role
refers to expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and
activities of males and of females.
 School
Had an explicit mandate to socialize people in the
country, especially children, into the norms and
values of our culture. According to functionalist
group, schools can only fulfill its function through
teaching children the values and customs of the
larger society, and it was agreed by Conflict theorist
group . They added that the schools can reinforce
the divisive aspects of society, especially those of
social class.
 Peer Group
A group of people of the same age, sharing similar
interests and belongingness to similar backgrounds. It
enables a child to engage in experiences which he/she
would otherwise never experience within his/her family.
As a child grow older, the family becomes somewhat less
important in a person’s development. Within peer group,
young people associate with others who are
approximately their own age and who often enjoy a
similar social status. Things such as competition, conflict,
and cooperation as well as the concept of hierarchy and
egalitarianism can be learned in peer group.
 Church or Religion
Is a collection of cultural systems, beliefs systems, and worldviews that relate
humanity to spirituality and, oftentimes, to moral values. It had narratives,
symbols, traditions, and sacred histories that are intended to give meaning to life
or to explain the origin of life or the universe. They tend to derive morality, ethics,
religious laws, or a preferred lifestyle from their ideas about the cosmos and
human nature.
Parental religious participation is the most influential part of socialization-more so
than religious peers or religious beliefs. Belief in God is attributable to a
combination of the above factors but is also informed by a discussion of
socialization. The biggest predictor of adult religiosity is parental religiosity. If a
person’s parents were religious when he was a child, he is likely to be religious
when he grows up. Children are socialized into religion by their parents and their
peer group, as a result, they tend to stay in religions. Alternatively, children raised
in secular homes tend not to convert to religion.
 Workplace
As a working adult, a person meets people of different age groups and
belongingness to different social and cultural backgrounds. This makes
him/her come in close contact with different thought processes, belief
system, etc. The interaction happens in a workplaces helps a person to
broaden his/her horizons in terms of social acceptance and tolerance
towards others. He/she will become well-versed with the importance of
regularity in work and behaving mannerisms with respect to superior as
well as juniors and subordinates. The work place performs its
socialization function through onboarding. This is the mechanism
through which new employees acquire the necessary knowledge, skills,
and behavior through the used of tactics such as formal meetings,
lectures, videos, printed materials or computer-based orientations to
become effective organizational members.
The agents of socialization guide every individual in
understanding what is happening in our society. People
learn to determine what is proper, right or wrong.
Social norms were formed in order to control the individual
behavior in the society. The following are forms of social
norms.
1. Folkways – Customary patterns that specify what is
socially correct and proper in everyday life. They are
repetitive or the typical habits and patterns of expected
behavior followed within a group of community.
2. Mores- They define what is morally right and wrong. These
are folkways with ethical and moral significance which are
strongly held and emphasized. Laws- Norms that are
enforced formally by a special political organization.
Component of culture that regulates and controls the people’s
behavior and conduct.
3. Taboos- behaviors that are absolutely forbidden in specific
culture. Several Theories that explain the existence of deviants
(human/groups) and deviance (acts) Social Control
Theory-deviance is primarily caused by a lack in stronger social
bonds within a society.
 Two elements that promote social
control:
1. Internalization- is an integral part of
communicating and incorporating social
norms to an individual’s personality.
2. Sanctions- powerful in leading an
individual to conform to social norms.
 Types of Sanctions:
• Formal Sanctions- these are the rewards of forms of
punishment that are formally awarded by an institution
such as government, council or establishment.
• Informal Sanctions- these are the rewards and forms of
punishment that are spontaneously given by an
individual or a group of people as a response to a
behavior that was either accepted or disapproved.
• Positive Sanctions- these are the actions or statements
that reward a particular behavior, which reinforce its
repetition.
Status- is an individual’s position in his or her society,
which carries with it a set of defined rights and
obligations.
Roles- the sets of expectation from people who occupy a
particular status.
Conformity- is the act of following the roles and goals of
one’s society.
Deviance- the act of violating the prescribed social
norms.
Primary identity- consist of the roles and statutes that an
individual learns as a a child.
Post-Test
Direction. Identification. Identify the following questions and change the word which is wrong and underline it to
make it correct.
1. The process by which society utilize its culture from one generation to the next and adapts
the individual to the accepted and approved ways of organized social life.
2. These refers to the various social groups or social institutions that play a insignificant role in
introducing and integrating the individual as an accepted and functioning member of society.
3. The individual’s decision to follow or to go within social norms is dependent on their perceived
cost and benefit of such action.
4. These are the rewards of forms of punishment that are formally awarded by private sector or by
the government, council or establishment.
5. Norms that are enforced informally by a special political organization. Component of culture that
regulates and controls the people’s behavior and conduct.
6. Powerful in leading an individual to breach to social norms.
7. Consist of the roles and statutes that an individual as a child.
8. The act of nurturing the prescribed social norms.
9. Refers to the idea by which an individual is oriented and taught by his or her society’s norms.
10. These are the actions or statements that reward a particular behavior, which reinforce its actions.