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Chapter 8 - Indian Subcontinent

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294 views22 pages

Chapter 8 - Indian Subcontinent

Uploaded by

rashi.soni
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Indian Subcontinent: Climate

and Rainfall

Class-VII
Rashi Soni
TGT Social Science
Chapter-8
Pragyan School
What is a subcontinent?

A subcontinent
is one portion of a
continent
geographically and
physically
detached from the
Asian continent.

Rashi Soni
TGT Social Science
Pragyan School
Indian Subcontinent

Rashi Soni
TGT Social Science
Pragyan School
Indian Subcontinent

• The Indian subcontinent is a physiographical region in Southern


Asia, mostly situated on the Indian Plate, projecting southwards
into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas.

• Geopolitically, it spans major landmasses from the countries of


Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri
Lanka.

Rashi Soni
TGT Social Science
Pragyan School
Climate and Weather

Rashi Soni
TGT Social Science
Pragyan School
Factors Affecting the Climate

Rashi Soni
TGT Social Science
Pragyan School
Latitude

Rashi Soni
TGT Social Science
Pragyan School
Altitude

• Temperature
decreases with the
increase in altitude
or height.
• The normal rate of
decrease is 1 degrees
for every 165 m of
ascent. It is also
referred as the lapse
rate.

Rashi Soni
TGT Social Science
Pragyan School
Distance from the Sea

Rashi Soni
TGT Social Science
Pragyan School
Prevailing Winds

• Winds always transport heat


from the place of their origin to
the land over which they blow.

Rashi Soni
TGT Social Science
Pragyan School
Ocean Currents

• Warm and cold ocean


currents influence the
temperature of the area
past which they flow.

• Ocean currents also modify


the temperatures of winds
blowing over them.

Rashi Soni
TGT Social Science
Pragyan School
Slope of Land

• In the mountainous regions of the Northern Hemisphere,


the southern slopes receive direct heat of the Sun and are
warmer as compared to the northern slopes that are less
suited for agriculture.

Rashi Soni
TGT Social Science
Pragyan School
Atmospheric Pressure

• The pressure exerted on the


Earth’s surface by the weight
of the air above it is known as
atmospheric pressure.
• Measured with the help of
barometer.
• Air pressure is expressed in
units of millibars.

Rashi Soni
TGT Social Science
Pragyan School
Factors Affecting the Air Pressure

Rashi Soni
TGT Social Science
Pragyan School
Winds

• The horizontal movement of air


on Earth’s surface from area of
high pressure to area of low
pressure.
• An anemometer keeps the record
of wind speed, whereas a wind
vane measures the direction of
the wind.

Rashi Soni
TGT Social Science
Pragyan School
Humidity

• Humidity refers to the


moisture present in the air
around us.
• When temperature is high,
humidity increases due to
a high rate of evaporation.
• The amount of moisture
varies from one place to
another.
• A hygrometer is used to
measure humidity.

Rashi Soni
TGT Social Science
Pragyan School
Factors Affecting Indian Monsoon

Latitude Altitude
• India’s latitudinal • The higher mountain ranges and
extent makes it a part plateau areas have lower
of tropical and sub- temperatures and varying rainfall
tropical heat zones. pattern.
• Places located on the
lower latitudes are
warmer than the Seasonal Winds
places located on • These combine with the land
higher latitudes. characteristics to create a certain
temperature and rainfall
conditions.

Rashi Soni
TGT Social Science
Pragyan School
Factors Affecting Indian Monsoon

Direction of Mountain Distance from the Sea


Ranges • The climate of coastal places
• This affects the direction is defined by sea and land
of winds and rainfall. breezes, which originate due
• The east-west direction of to differential heating and
the Himalayas act as a cooling of the sea and land.
barrier to cold winds from • Coastal areas have equable
the colder regions of climate, while places far
Central Asia and also away from the sea
prevents the south-west experience extreme climatic
monsoon winds from conditions.
leaving the country.

Rashi Soni
TGT Social Science
Pragyan School
Seasonal Cycle of India

Monsoon

Retreating
Summers
Monsoon

Winters

Rashi Soni
TGT Social Science
Pragyan School
Impact of the Monsoons on Life of People

• The south-west monsoon causes most of the country’s rainfall


and provide water for India’s agriculture.

• The cropping pattern depends on the monsoon rains.

• The onset of south-west monsoon signals the sowing of the


kharif crops like rice, pulses, oilseeds, tea, soybeans and other
seasonal food crops.

• The rain secures the food supply for the people, if they are
insufficient famine and food shortages disrupt people’s lives.

• The monsoon rain helps in recharging the water supply of rivers,


lakes, wells, canals and underwater aquifers.
Rashi Soni
TGT Social Science
Pragyan School
Impact of the Monsoons on Life of People

• The generation of hydroelectric power relies on regular rainfall


that happens when the monsoon arrive on time every year.

• Regular seasonal rainfall also provides water to grasslands and


pastures that are important for raising cattle and livestock.

• The fishing season and even the type of catch caught in the
lakes, rivers and offshore waters are linked to the onset of the
monsoons and the amount of rainfall received.

• A negative impact is also seen when the monsoon bring


heavier rainfall than usual and floods occur.

Rashi Soni
TGT Social Science
Pragyan School
THANK YOU

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