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    SOLUTION

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    Tyrone Mel Lopez

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    SOLUTION

    Uploaded by

    Tyrone Mel Lopez
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    2 views22 pages

    SOLUTION

    Uploaded by

    Tyrone Mel Lopez

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 22

    SOLUTION

    -- in chemistry , the term


    is used to describe a
    system in which one or
    more substances are
    homogeneously mixed or
    dissolved in another
    substance.
    2 PARTS OF SOLUTION
    SOLUTE – the component
    that is dissolved or usually
    the least abundant
    component in the
    solution.
    SOLVENT – the dissolving
    agent, or the most
    abundant component in
    the solution.
    Types of solutions, their
    components, and examples
    Type Solute Solvent Example
    solid gas solid hydrogen in palladium
    solid liquid solid liquid mercury in solid
    sodium
    solid solid solid tin in copper (bronze)
    Types of solutions, their
    components, and examples
    Type Solute Solvent Example
    liquid Gas liquid hydrogen chloride gas
    in water (hydrochloric
    acid)
    liquid Liquid liquid ethyl alcohol in water
    (wine)
    liquid solid liquid sodium hydroxide
    pellets in water
    Types of solutions, their
    components, and examples
    Type Solute Solvent Example
    gas gas gas mixture of oxygen and
    nitrogen
    gas liquid gas moisture in air
    gas solid gas naphthalene sublimed
    in air
    SOLUBILITY
    - refers to the
    maximum amount of
    solute that dissolves
    in a given amount of
    solvent at a specified
    temperature.
    SOLUBILITIES OF SOME SOLUTES IN WATER AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURE (g/100g water)

    FORMULA SUBSTANCE 0°C 20°C 60°C 100°C

    Al2(SO4)3 Aluminum 31.2 36.4 59.2 89


    sulfate
    NH4Cl Ammonium 29.4 37.2 55.3 77.3
    chloride
    Ba(OH)2 Barium 1.67 3.89 20.94 -
    hydroxide
    Ba(NO3)2 Barium nitrate 4.95 9.02 20.4 34.4
    Ca(OH)2 Calcium 0.189 0.173 0.121 0.076
    Hydroxide
    PbCl2 Lead II chloride 0.67 1.00 1.94 3.20
    SOLUBILITIES OF SOME SOLUTES IN WATER AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURE (g/100g water)

    Li2SO4 Lithium 36.1 34.8 32.6 -


    sulfate
    KCl Potassium 28 34.2 45.8 56.3
    chloride
    K2SO4 Potassium 7.4 11.1 18.2 24.1
    sulfate
    NaCl Sodium 35.7 35.9 37.1 39.2
    chloride
    AgNO3 Silver 122 216 440 733
    nitrate
    C12H22O11 sucrose 179.2 203.9 287.3 487.2
    ACTIVITY # 1
    Graph the solubilities of
    aluminum sulfate, lithium
    sulfate, and potassium
    sulfate at 0°C, 20°C, 60°C
    and 100°C. Which
    substance ‘ s solubility is
    most affected by
    increasing temperature.
    FACTORS AFFECTING SOLUBILITY
    1. Nature of solute
    and solvent
    2. Temperature
    3. Pressure
    a higher
    pressure will
    not stay
    dissolved
    once the
    drink is
    opened at a
    lower
    pressure.
    Factors that Affect Rate of Dissolution
    1. Stirring
    2. Particle size
    3. Temperature
    Factors that Affect Rate of Dissolution
    1. Stirring
    2. Particle size
    3. Temperature
    CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTIONS
    Concentration –
    the amount of
    solute dissolved in
    a given quantity of
    solvent or solution.
    CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTIONS
    DILUTE SOLUTION
    - contains a
    relatively small
    amount of the
    dissolved solute.
    CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTIONS
    CONCENTRATED
    SOLUTION
    - Contains a
    relatively large
    amount of
    dissolved solute.
    SATURATED SOLUTION
    - Contains the
    maximum amount of
    dissolved solute for a
    given amount of
    solvent at a specific
    temperature and
    pressure.
    UNSATURATED SOLUTION
    - Contains less
    dissolved solute for a
    given temperature and
    pressure than a
    saturated solution.
    SUPERSATURATED SOLUTION
    - Contains more
    dissolved solute than a
    saturated solution at
    the same temperature.
    Supersaturated solutions are
    unstable. The supersaturation
    is only temporary, and usually
    accomplished in one of two
    ways:
    1. Warm the solvent so that it
    will dissolve more, then cool
    the solution
    2. Evaporate some of the
    solvent carefully so that the
    solute does not solidify and
    come out of solution.
    WAYS OF EXPRESSING THE
    CONCENTRATIONS OF SOLUTIONS
    1. Percentage by
    mass(solute)
    2. Percentage by volume
    (solute)
    3. Parts per million (ppm)
    4. Parts per billion (ppb)

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