Lesson 3 ELEMENTS of Philippine Literary Genres

LESSON 3:
ELEMENTS of
Philippine
Literary
Genres
21st Century Literature from the
Philippines and the World
Philippine literature reflects a diverse
group of works which are grounded on real-
life experiences and mirrors Filipino cultures
and traditions. Thus, promoted Filipino
cultural values, told daily struggles of locals,
and have instilled a remarkable lesson or
two.
Creative nonfiction
• a memory or-fact based writing that makes
use of styles and elements of fiction,
poetry, memoir, and essay. (Barrie Jean
Borich)
• It is a writing about and from a world that
includes the author’s life and/or the
author’s eye on the lives of others.
Creative nonfiction
• is a genre that answers to many different names, these
names are:
a. Literary Nonfiction;
b. Narrative Nonfiction;
c. Literary Journalism;
d. Imaginative Nonfiction;
e. Lyric Essay;
f. Personal Essay;
g. Personal Narrative; and
h. Literary Memoir
Creative nonfiction
• is even, sometimes, thought of as another way of
writing fiction, because of the way writing changes
the way we know the subject.
Furthermore, a poem as the highest form of literature
helps the readers understand things that are happening in
the society, express ideas on issues, and finally share
experiences. In addition, reading a poem the reader
connects with the writer’s life perspective which the reader
unfolds the meaning of the text.
Five Main GENRES OF
LITERATURE
1. Poetry
• is a literary type that is merely always
written in stanzas and lines creating a
unique look on the page.
2. Drama
• is any text meant to be performed
rather than read.
Types of Drama
a. Comedy
• is a type or genre of drama that is
intended to make people laugh.
b. Farce
• another type of drama in literature which is, broadly
humorous, however, there are significant differences
between a comedy and a farce.
• The main themes of farce are:
 Exaggerated wit
 jokes that are slapstick
 The plot is illogical.
 Unexpected occurrences
 Humor is frequently coarse and inappropriate.
c. Tragedy
• are one of the most common and
popular types of drama. As you can
probably guess, tragedies tend to
be sad. However, there is more to
tragedies than that.
The main themes are-
 A fatal fault in the protagonist
 Situations that easily spiral out of control — and not in a
good way
 Human agony, hate, or poverty are frequent topics. These
are darker topics than in a melodrama.
 Describes the demise of a once heroic or well-liked
persona.
 An unredeemable conclusion in which one or more
characters die
 Arrives at a terrible catharsis
d. Tragi-Comedy
• These complex among the types of drama in literature. They
are more than just tragedy and comedy blended together. The
main themes are-
 A serious plot delivered in a funny, sarcastic, or snarky
manner.
 Characters with tragic flaws whose acts do not result in death
 A confusing subject
 Characters with broad personalities that act in stereotypically
humorous ways
 There is no joyful or funny conclusion.
e. Melodrama
• are an exaggerated kind of drama in literature, in which
conventional one-dimensional characters such as heroes,
heroines, and villains contend with exciting, passionate,
and frequently deadly situations.
f. Opera
• Many a time, people don’t understand the difference
between opera and musicals.
• is a type of drama where the actors sing the lines or
dialogues instead of speaking them.
g. Musical
• are different from opera.
• While lines in opera are sung, dialogues in
musicals are infused with music and
performances.
Example/s:
“Les Misérables” and “Phantom of the
Opera”
3. Prose
• any kind of written text that is not poetry.
• follows a structure that makes use of
sentences, phrases, and paragraphs.
• this type of writing follows a flow more
similar to verbal speech and
communication.
Types of Prose
a. Nonfictional prose
• is a body of writing that is based on factual and
true events.
• this type can be found in newspapers,
magazines, journals, biographies, and
textbooks.
Example:
• Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl
b. Fictional prose
• unlike nonfictional, it is partly or wholly created
from a writer’s imagination.
• the events, characters, and story are imagined
such as Romeo and Juliet, The Adventures of
Tom Sawyer, or Brave New World.
• this type is found as novels, short stories, or
novellas.
c. Prose poetry
• poetry that is expressed and written in prose
form.
• this can be thought of almost as a hybrid of the
two that can sometimes utilize rhythmic
measures.
• This type of poetry often utilizes more figurative
language but is usually written in paragraph
form.
4. Non-fiction
• a vast category that is a type of prose that
includes many different sub-genres.
• it can be creative such as personal
essays or factual, such as scientific paper.
Examples:
• Biographies, historical fiction, travelogues,
and diaries
5. Media
• the newest type of literature that has been
defined as a distinct genre.
• this categorization was created to
encompass the many new and important
kinds of texts in our society today such as
movies and films, websites, commercials,
billboards, and radio programs.
ELEMENTS OF LITERATURE
I. Plot
• the sequence of events in a story
which often have a causal
relationship with each other.
• what happens in the story.
Plot Devices
• are techniques that the writer uses to creatively present
the events in the story.
a. Flashback
• is a plot device where the story moves away from the
current events happening in the story to a time in the past.
b. Foreshadowing
• is a plot device where the story presents an image or a
scene which gives the reader clues as to events which will
happen in the future.
c. Exposition
• refers to character(s) introduced, setting,
goals, motivation, stakes established.
d. Falling action
• is the aftermath or results.
e. Rising action
• refers to conflicts, struggles, and blocks to
the goal or journey.
f. Climax
• is the turning point.
• Battle is won or lost.
• Resolution to the conflict occurs or is made
possible.
g. Resolution or denouement
• refers to the problem, conflict (usually) resolved,
enemy vanquished, goal reached (or not).
II. Characters
• persons who are involved in
the story.
III. Point of View
• refers to how the story is being
told / narrated.
IV. Tone / Mood
Tone
• refers to the author’s attitude, stated or implied,
toward a subject.
Mood
• is the climate of feeling in a literary work.
• the choice of setting, objects, details, images
and words all contribute towards creating a
specific mood.
V. Symbolism
• refers to a person, place or object which
has meaning but suggests other meanings
as well.
VI. Theme
• is the main idea or underlying meaning of
a literary work. A theme may be stated or
implied.
STRUCTURE OF POETRY
I. Stanza
II. Rhyme
III. Meter
IV. Line Break
I. Stanza
• a group of lines in a poem. It is often called a “verse”.
II. Rhyme
• a pattern of words that contain similar sounds.
III. Meter
• the rhythmic
structure of a poem.
• sometimes you can
feel the meter by
tapping for each
syllable.
IV. Line Break
• is where a line of
poetry ends.
• It causes the
reader to pause
and will
determine how
the poem is read.
STRUCTURE OF POETRY

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