Presentation 1

Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1of 26

History of Java

•JAVA Programming Language: JAVA is a High Level


Programming Language.
•it derives much of its syntax from c and c++,but it has
fewer low-level facilities than either of them.
•JAVA was developed by James Gosling team in sun
microsystem INC of USA in 1991
•1991-Oak
•1995-JAVA
•1996-jdk1.0
•15 sept 2020-jdk15
•2025- Jdk23
JAVA Programming Environment
• JDK: JDK stands for Java development kit,it internally
contains JRE and JVM where JRE stands for Java
Runtime Environment and JVM stands for JAVA
virtual machine. JDK provides all the tools to work
with JAVA language

• JVM:JVM stands for JAVA virtual machine,it is the


software in the form of interpreter written in ‘c’
language throgh which we can execute our java
program.
Unit - I Basic Syntactical Constructs in Java
1.1 Java features and the Java programming environment

1.2 Defining a class, creating object, accessing class members

1.3 Java tokens and data types, symbolic constant, scope of variable,
typecasting, and different types of operators and expressions, decision
making and looping statements

1.4 Arrays, strings, string buffer classes, vectors, wrapper classes

1.5 Constructors and methods, types of constructors, method and constructor


overloading, nesting of methods, command line arguments, garbage
collection, visibility control: public, private, protected, default, private
protected
Features of Java

• The primary objective of Java programming language


creation was to make it portable, simple and secure
programming language. Apart from this, there are
also some excellent features which play an important
role in the popularity of this language. The features
of Java are also known as Java buzzwords.
Features of Java
A list of the most important features of the Java language is given
below.

• A list of the most important features of the Java language is given below.
• Simple
• Object-Oriented
• Portable
• Platform independent
• Secured
• Robust
• Architecture neutral
• Interpreted
• High Performance
• Multithreaded
• Distributed
• Dynamic
Simple
• Java is very easy to learn, and its syntax is simple, clean
and easy to understand. According to Sun Microsystem,
Java language is a simple programming language because:
• Java syntax is based on C++ (so easier for programmers to
learn it after C++).
• Java has removed many complicated and rarely-used
features, for example, explicit pointers, operator
overloading, etc.
• There is no need to remove unreferenced objects because
there is an Automatic Garbage Collection in Java.
Object-oriented
• Java is an object-oriented programming language.
Everything in Java is an object. Object-oriented means we
organize our software as a combination of different types
of objects that incorporate both data and behavior.
• Object-oriented programming (OOPs) is a methodology
that simplifies software development and maintenance by
providing some rules.
• Basic concepts of OOPs are:
• Object
• Class
• Inheritance
• Polymorphism
• Abstraction
• Encapsulation
Platform Independent

Java is platform independent because it is different from


other languages like C, C++, etc. which are compiled into
platform specific machines while Java is a write once, run
anywhere language. A platform is the hardware or
software environment in which a program runs.
• There are two types of platforms software-based and
hardware-based. Java provides a software-based
platform.
• The Java platform differs from most other platforms in
the sense that it is a software-based platform that
runs on top of other hardware-based platforms. It has
two components:
1)Runtime Environment
2)API(Application Programming Interface)
• Java code can be executed on multiple platforms, for
example, Windows, Linux, Sun Solaris, Mac/OS, etc.
Java code is compiled by the compiler and converted
into bytecode. This bytecode is a platform-
independent code because it can be run on multiple
platforms, i.e., Write Once and Run Anywhere .
Secured
• Java is best known for its security. With Java, we can
develop virus-free systems. Java is secured because:
• No explicit pointer
• Java Programs run inside a virtual machine sandbox
• Class loader: Class loader in Java is a part of the Java
Runtime Environment (JRE) which is used to load Java
classes into the Java Virtual Machine dynamically. It adds
security by separating the package for the classes of the
local file system from those that are imported from
network sources.
• Byte code Verifier: It checks the code fragments for
illegal code that can violate access rights to objects.
• Security Manager: It determines what resources a class
can access such as reading and writing to the local disk.
• Java language provides these securities by default. Some
security can also be provided by an application
developer explicitly through SSL, JAAS, Cryptography,
etc.
Robust
• The English mining of Robust is strong. Java is robust
because:
• It uses strong memory management.
• There is a lack of pointers that avoids security
problems.
• Java provides automatic garbage collection which
runs on the Java Virtual Machine to get rid of objects
which are not being used by a Java application
anymore.
• There are exception handling and the type checking
mechanism in Java. All these points make Java robust.
• Architecture-neutral
• Java is architecture neutral because there are no
implementation dependent features, for example,
the size of primitive types is fixed.
• In C programming, int data type occupies 2 bytes of
memory for 32-bit architecture and 4 bytes of
memory for 64-bit architecture. However, it occupies
4 bytes of memory for both 32 and 64-bit
architectures in Java.
Portable
• Java is portable because it facilitates you to carry
the Java bytecode to any platform. It doesn't
require any implementation.
High-performance
• Java is faster than other traditional interpreted
programming languages because Java bytecode
is "close" to native code. It is still a little bit
slower than a compiled language (e.g., C++). Java
is an interpreted language that is why it is slower
than compiled languages, e.g., C, C++, etc.
• Distributed
• Java is distributed because it facilitates users to create
distributed applications in Java. RMI and EJB are used for
creating distributed applications. This feature of Java
makes us able to access files by calling the methods from
any machine on the internet.
• Multi-threaded
• A thread is like a separate program, executing
concurrently. We can write Java programs that deal with
many tasks at once by defining multiple threads. The
main advantage of multi-threading is that it doesn't
occupy memory for each thread. It shares a common
memory area. Threads are important for multi-media,
Web applications, etc.
• Dynamic
• Java is a dynamic language. It supports the dynamic
loading of classes. It means classes are loaded on
demand. It also supports functions from its native
languages, i.e., C and C++.
• Java supports dynamic compilation and automatic
memory management (garbage collection).
• Let's see some real life example of class and
object in java to understand the difference well:
• Class: Human Object: Man, Woman
• Class: Fruit Object: Apple, Banana, Mango,
Guava etc.
• Class: Mobile phone Object: iPhone, Samsung,
Moto
• Class: Food Object: Pizza, Burger, Samosa
• Java Classes/Objects
• Java is an object-oriented programming
language.
• Everything in Java is associated with classes
and objects, along with its attributes and
methods. For example: in real life, a car is an
object. The car has attributes, such as weight
and color, and methods, such as drive and
brake.
• A Class is like an object constructor, or a
"blueprint" for creating objects.
Syntax for class declaration:
Class <class_ name>
{
Fields;
Constructor();
Methods();
}
Create an Object
• In Java, an object is created from a class. We
have already created the class named Main, so
now we can use this to create objects.
• To create an object of Main, specify the class
name, followed by the object name, and use
the keyword new:
Example
Create an object called "myObj" and print the value of
x:
public class Main
{
int x = 5;
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Main myObj = new Main();
System.out.println(myObj.x);
}
}
Java Tokens

Java, Tokens are the smallest elements of a


program that is meaningful to the compiler. They
are also known as the fundamental building blocks
of the program. Tokens can be classified as follows:
• Keywords
• Identifiers
• Constants/Literals
• Operators
• Separators
Data Types in Java
• Data types specify the different sizes and values
that can be stored in the variable. There are
two types of data types in Java:
1)Primitive data types: The primitive data types
include boolean, char, byte, short, int, long,
float and double.
2)Non-primitive data types: The non-primitive
data types include Classes, Interfaces, and
Arrays

You might also like