Orientation and Lesson 1

GENERAL CHEMISTRY (ORGANIC)
INSTRUCTOR: MARY LOUISE VISTAR-CABIAO

VERSE OF THE DAY
GRADING SYSTEM
RULES AND REGULATION
1. 3 (late)= 1 absent
2. 3 (absent)= dropped (except for those who have valid reasons
with letter signed by the DEAN)
3. For those who will be caught cheating during quizzes or exams
will be charge to corresponding sanctions.
4. INC will be given only to those who have valid
reasons(example health problems or some emergencies with
letter signed by the DEAN).
5. Failing grades is automatically given to those students who
failed to pass all the requirements in a given time.
6. Respect one another.
WHAT IS GENERAL
CHEMISTRY?
• General Chemistry is an introduction to
the basic concepts of chemistry,
including atomic structure and
bonding, chemical reactions, and
solutions.
WHY NEED TO STUDY
Underpins
GENERAL Makes a vital
understanding and
Provides global work
opportunities CHEMISTRY?
progress in spheres of contribution to economy,
science, technology and commerce and industry
industry
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
ORGANIC AND INORGANIC CHEMISTRY?
Organic Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Organic chemistry Inorganic chemistry

is the branch of chemistry is the branch of chemistry
DEFINITION that deals with organic that deals with inorganic
compounds. compounds.
Mainly deals with Mainly deals with

COMPOUNDS covalent compounds. ionic compounds.
Deals with
organic chemical reactions Deals with
such as combustion, inorganic chemical
REACTIONS reactions such as
fermentation,
oxidation,crystallization,
hydrogenation, etc.
etc.
SCOPE OF Allows to
Allows to
research mainly on
RESEARCH biological material.
research on mainly the
non-living materials.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Hydrocarbons
An atom or a group of atoms with
characteristic chemical and physical
properties. It is the reactive part of the
molecule.
COMPOUNDS CONTAINING C–Z σ BONDS

FUNCTIONAL
GROUP
Physical Properties
a.1 Alkanes have only C–C σ bonds
and no functional group. Ethane,
CH3CH3 , is a simple alkane.
ALIPHATIC a.2 Alkenes have a C–C double bond

HYD as a functional group. Ethylene,
CH2=CH2 , is a simple alkene.
ROC a.3 Alkynes have a C–C triple bond
ARB as a functional group. Acetylene,

HC≡CH, is a simple alkyne.
ONS
This class of hydrocarbons was so
AROMATIC named because many of the earliest
known aromatic compounds had strong,
characteristic odors.
COMPOUNDS CONTAINING C–Z σ
BONDS
Hydrogen atoms are classified as primary (1°),

Carbon
secondary atomsorin tertiary
(2°), alkanes and other
(3°) organic on
depending
compounds
the type ofare classified
carbon atombyto
thewhich
number of other
they are
carbons directly bonded to them.
bonded.
1.A primary A secondary 1.A tertiary A quaternary

carbon (1° carbon (2° carbon (3° carbon (4°
carbon) is bonded carbon) is bonded carbon) is bonded carbon) is bonded
to one other C to two other C to three other C to four other C
atom. atoms. atoms. atoms.
COMPOUNDS CONTAINING C–Z Σ
BONDS
Hydrogen atoms are classified as primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°)
depending on the type of carbon atom to which they are bonded.
1. A primary hydrogen (1° H) is on a C bonded to one other C atom.
2. A secondary hydrogen (2° H) is on a C bonded to two other C atoms.
3. A tertiary hydrogen (3° H) is on a C bonded to three other C atoms.
• Alkyl halides and alcohols are classified as primary
(1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°) based on the
number of carbon atoms bonded to the carbon bearing the
halogen or OH group.
• Example:
•Amines are classified as primary (1°), secondary (2°), or
tertiary (3°) based on the number of carbon atoms bonded to
the nitrogen atom.
•Classifying amines is different from classifying alcohols
and alkyl halides as primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary
(3°). Amines are classified by the number of carbon–nitrogen
bonds, whereas alkyl halides and alcohols are classified by
the type of carbon bonded to the halogen or hydroxy group.
• Example:
• Amides, compounds that contain a nitrogen atom bonded
directly to the carbonyl carbon, are classified as
primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°) based on
the number of carbon atoms bonded to the nitrogen atom.
Example:
the larger the surface area, the
higher the boiling point.
BOILING POINT
The more polarizable the atoms, the

higher the boiling point.
PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
The stronger the intermolecular
forces, the higher the melting
point.
PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES MELTING POINT Given the same functional group,
the more symmetrical the compound,
the higher the melting point.
the larger the surface area,
the higher the boiling
point.
BOILING POINT
The more polarizable the
atoms, the higher the
boiling point.
The stronger the

intermolecular forces, the
PHYSICAL MELTING POINT
higher the melting point.
PROPERTIES Given the same functional
group, the more symmetrical the
compound, the higher the
melting point.
Vitamin A contains 20
Vitamins are carbons and a single
organic compounds OH group
SOLUBILITY needed for a small
amounts for normal
cell functions Vitamin C has six
carbon atoms
solubility
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GENERAL CHEMISTRY (ORGANIC)

INSTRUCTOR: MARY LOUISE VISTAR-CABIAO

Organic chemistry Inorganic chemistry

Mainly deals with Mainly deals with

COMPOUNDS CONTAINING C–Z σ BONDS

ALIPHATIC a.2 Alkenes have a C–C double bond

ROC a.3 Alkynes have a C–C triple bond

ARB as a functional group. Acetylene,

Hydrogen atoms are classified as primary (1°),

1.A primary A secondary 1.A tertiary A quaternary

The more polarizable the atoms, the

The stronger the

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