The document provides a detailed overview of the skull's anatomy, describing its 22 bones (29 including ear ossicles and hyoid) divided into the neurocranium and viscerocranium. It outlines the functions of these bones, their sutures, and specific features of the skull's various regions, including the frontal, lateral, and occipital aspects. Additionally, it details the cranial fossae and the foramina associated with the middle and posterior cranial fossa.
The document provides a detailed overview of the skull's anatomy, describing its 22 bones (29 including ear ossicles and hyoid) divided into the neurocranium and viscerocranium. It outlines the functions of these bones, their sutures, and specific features of the skull's various regions, including the frontal, lateral, and occipital aspects. Additionally, it details the cranial fossae and the foramina associated with the middle and posterior cranial fossa.
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This note is everything you need to know about the skull bones
The document provides a detailed overview of the skull's anatomy, describing its 22 bones (29 including ear ossicles and hyoid) divided into the neurocranium and viscerocranium. It outlines the functions of these bones, their sutures, and specific features of the skull's various regions, including the frontal, lateral, and occipital aspects. Additionally, it details the cranial fossae and the foramina associated with the middle and posterior cranial fossa.
The document provides a detailed overview of the skull's anatomy, describing its 22 bones (29 including ear ossicles and hyoid) divided into the neurocranium and viscerocranium. It outlines the functions of these bones, their sutures, and specific features of the skull's various regions, including the frontal, lateral, and occipital aspects. Additionally, it details the cranial fossae and the foramina associated with the middle and posterior cranial fossa.
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THE SKULL BONES
OVERVIEW Skull Bones Most complex, about 22 bones (+ ear ossicles, hyoid = 29) Fused via sutures, except mandible Divided into 2 sets - Neurocranium cranium – posterosuperior, larger part of the skull - Viscerocranium cranium – an Skull Bones Contd. Neurocranium cranium – contains/protects the brain - Provides attachment for muscles of the head and neck Viscerocranium cranium – - Provides passage for neurovascular structures, food, and air - Provides a framework for teeth, sensory organs, face - Provides anchor to muscles of facial expression NEUROCRANIUM/CEREBRAL CRANIUM Neurocranium Calvaria (Skull roof): Formed by 4 bones frontal, occipital, and 2 parietal bones Skull base: Formed by ethmoid, sphenoid, temporal, frontal and occipital bones - They are united by fibrous joints (sutures) The Cranium Contd. Viscerocranium (facial bones) Forms bones of anterior part of the face, bones surrounding mouth, nose, eyes Has 14 bones, 6 paired bones – maxilla, inferior nasal conchae, nasal, palatine, zygomatic, lacrimal, + unpaired mandible, and vomer Sutures of the Skull Sagittal suture – between 2 parietal bones Coronal sutures – between 2 parietal bones and frontal bone Lambdoid suture – between 2 parietal bones and occipital bones Squamous suture – between parietal and temporal bones Sutures of the Skull Norma Frontalis This comprise the frontal and zygomatic bones, orbits, nasal region, maxillae, and mandible Features Supraorbital margin Supraorbital foramen, or notch Frontal tuber Zygomaticofacial foramen Intermaxillary suture Infraorbital foramen Norma Frontalis Contd.
Features Contd. mental foramina mental protuberance Symphysis menti Inferior/superior orbital fissures optic canals Glabella Norma Lateralis Formed by both the neurocranium and the viscerocranium FEATURES OF NORMA LATERALIS
main features of the neurocranial part are the temporal fossa –
bounded superiorly and posteriorly by superior and inferior temporal lines, anteriorly by the frontal and zygomatic bones, and inferiorly by the zygomatic arch temporal processes of the zygomatic bone zygomatic process of the temporal bone Pterion external acoustic meatus mastoid process Pterion • Junction of the frontal, parietal, sphenoid & temporal bones • Weakest point of the skull • MMA can be damaged here Norma Lateralis Contd. Norma Lateralis Contd. Infratemporal Fossa Norma Verticalis Norma Verticalis Contd. parietal eminences sagittal suture coronal suture lambdoid suture Bregma Lamda Foetal Skull NORMA OCCIPITALIS EXTERNAL SURFACE OF BASE OF SKULL palatine processes of the maxillae; and the palatine, sphenoid, vomer, temporal, and occipital bones palatine processes of the maxilla anteriorly horizontal plates of the palatine bones posteriorly incisive fossa greater and lesser palatine foramina pterygoid processes foramen magnum Features of External Surface of Skull Base Contd. Occipital condyles jugular foramen carotid canal mastoid processes stylomastoid foramen Internal Surface of Base of Skull FEATURES FOSSAE – Anterior CF, Middle CF, Posterior CF ANTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA - Frontal crest - orbital plates of the frontal bone - crista galli - cribriform plate of the ethmoid – axons of olfactory nerves - ant/post ethmoidal foramina – aa/veins of similar name Middle Cranial Fossa FEATURES OF MIDDLE CRANIAL FOSSA Optic canal – CNII, Ophyhalmic arteries Tuberculum sellae Hypophysial fossa Dorsum sellae Anterior/posterior clinoid processes Superior orbital fissure – CNIII, IV, V (V1), VI CRANIAL FORAMINA IN MCF
