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2.ROOM SHAPE
•For greater seating capacity, the side walls should be splayed from the stage.
•Splayed side walls allow greater seating area that is relatively close to the stage.
•The splayed walls can usefully reflect sound energy to the rear of the hall.
•A side-wall splay may range from 30° to 60°, the latter is considered a maximum angle, given the
directionality of speech.
•Generally, fan-shaped halls are not used for music performance.
CEILING
•In some cases, clouds are made absorptive, to avoid late reflections.
•To avoid potential flutter echo, a smooth ceiling should not be parallel to the floor.
•In many halls, the ceiling geometry itself is designed to direct sound to the rear of the hall, or to
diffuse it throughout the hall.
•Concave surfaces such as domes, barreled ceilings, and cylindrical arches should be avoided
because of the undesirable sound foci they create.
•In many large halls, ceiling reflectors, sometimes called clouds, are used to direct sound energy
from the stage to the seating area.
•When ceilings are high, care must be taken to ensure that path-length differences between
direct and reflected sound are not too great, and particularly should not exceed 20 msec.