An IP address is a unique numeric label assigned to devices on the internet, consisting of a 32-bit number typically represented in a dotted-decimal format. It is divided into a network part, which identifies the network, and a host part, which identifies the specific device on that network. Subnet masks further define the network and host portions of an IP address, and IP addresses are categorized into classes A, B, and C, with specific ranges and default subnet masks for each class.
An IP address is a unique numeric label assigned to devices on the internet, consisting of a 32-bit number typically represented in a dotted-decimal format. It is divided into a network part, which identifies the network, and a host part, which identifies the specific device on that network. Subnet masks further define the network and host portions of an IP address, and IP addresses are categorized into classes A, B, and C, with specific ranges and default subnet masks for each class.
An IP address is a unique numeric label assigned to devices on the internet, consisting of a 32-bit number typically represented in a dotted-decimal format. It is divided into a network part, which identifies the network, and a host part, which identifies the specific device on that network. Subnet masks further define the network and host portions of an IP address, and IP addresses are categorized into classes A, B, and C, with specific ranges and default subnet masks for each class.
An IP address is a unique numeric label assigned to devices on the internet, consisting of a 32-bit number typically represented in a dotted-decimal format. It is divided into a network part, which identifies the network, and a host part, which identifies the specific device on that network. Subnet masks further define the network and host portions of an IP address, and IP addresses are categorized into classes A, B, and C, with specific ranges and default subnet masks for each class.
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IP ADDRESS
IP ADDRESS
• An Internet Protocol (IP) address
is the unique identifying number assigned to every device connected to the internet. An IP address definition is a numeric label assigned to devices that use the internet to communicate. PARTS OF IP ADDRESS
•Each network running TCP/IP must have a
unique network number, and every machine on it must have a unique IP address. It is important to understand how IP addresses are constructed before you register your network and obtain its network number. PARTS OF IP ADDRESS • The IP address is a 32-bit number that uniquely identifies a network interface on a machine. An IP address is typically written in decimal digits, formatted as four 8-bit fields separated by periods. Each 8-bit field represents a byte of the IP address. This form of representing the bytes of an IP address is often referred to as the dotted-decimal format. PARTS OF IP ADDRESS
•The bytes of the IP address are further
classified into two parts: 1. NETWORK PART 2. HOST PART PARTS OF IP ADDRESS
198.68.24.15 NETWORK PART HOST PART NETWORK PART • This part specifies the unique number assigned to your network. It also identifies the class of network assigned. the network part takes up two bytes of the IP address.
198.68.24.15 HOST PART • This is the part of the IP address that you assign to each host. It uniquely identifies this machine on your network. Note that for each host on your network, the network part of the address will be the same, but the host part must be different.
198.68.24.15 SUBNET MASK SUBNET MASK • A subnet mask is a 32-bit address that segregates an IP address into network bits that identify the network and host bits that identify the host device operating on that network. It encapsulates a range of IP addresses that a subnet can use, wherein the subnet refers to a smaller network within a more extensive network.
255.255.255.0 SUBNET MASK • In TCP/IP, the parts of the IP address that are used as the network and host addresses aren't fixed. Unless you have more information, the network and host addresses above can't be determined. This information is supplied in another 32-bit number called a subnet mask. The subnet mask is 255.255.255.0 in this example. It isn't obvious what this number means unless you know 255 in binary notation equals 11111111. So, the subnet mask is 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000. SUBNET MASK • Lining up the IP address and the subnet mask together, the network, and host portions of the address can be separated:
11000000.10101000.01111011.10000100 - IP address (192.168.123.132)
11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 - Subnet mask
(255.255.255.0) SUBNET MASK • The first 24 bits (the number of ones in the subnet mask) are identified as the network address. The last 8 bits (the number of remaining zeros in the subnet mask) are identified as the host address. It gives you the following addresses:
00000000.00000000.00000000.10000100 - Host address (000.000.000.132) SUBNET MASK • So now you know, for this example using a 255.255.255.0 subnet mask, that the network ID is 192.168.123.0, and the host address is 0.0.0.132. When a packet arrives on the 192.168.123.0 subnet (from the local subnet or a remote network), and it has a destination address of 192.168.123.132, your computer will receive it from the network and process it. • Almost all decimal subnet masks convert to binary numbers that are all ones on the left and all zeros on the right. Some other common subnet masks are: SUBNET MASK NETWORK CLASSES NETWORK CLASSES • The IP addresses are divided into classes. The most common of them are classes A, B, and C. Classes D and E exist, but aren't used by end users. Each of the address classes has a different default subnet mask. You can identify the class of an IP address by looking at its first octet. Following are the ranges of Class A, B, and C IP addresses, each with an example address: NETWORK CLASSES
• Class A networks use a default
subnet mask of 255.0.0.0 and have 0-127 as their first octet. The address 10.52.36.11 is a class A address. Its first octet is 10, which is between 0 and 127, inclusive. NETWORK CLASSES
•Class B networks use a default
subnet mask of 255.255.0.0 and have 128-191 as their first octet. The address 172.16.52.63 is a class B address. Its first octet is 172, which is between 128 and 191, inclusive. NETWORK CLASSES
•Class C networks use a default
subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 and have 192-223 as their first octet. The address 192.168.123.132 is a class C address. Its first octet is 192, which is between 192 and 223, inclusive. NETWORK CLASSES • Class D IP addresses are not allocated to hosts and are used for multicasting. Multicasting allows a single host to send a single stream of data to thousands of hosts across the Internet at the same time. • Range: 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 • First octet value range from 224 to 239 PRIVATE IP ADDRESS • Within each network class, there are designated IP addresses that are reserved specifically for private/internal use only. These IP addresses cannot be used on Internet-facing devices as they are non-routable. For example, web servers and FTP servers must use non-private IP addresses. However, within your own home or business network, private IP addresses are assigned to your devices (such as workstations, printers, and home media server).
