Role of Planning in

Smart Cities and Case

studies
Module-2
 What is a Smart City Master Plan?
+According to the dictionary, a master plan is defined by “an
organized set of decisions made by one person or a team of
people on how to do something in the future.”

+Therefore, smart city master plan defines the common goals

and aspirations of the community and city. Also, it outlines an
implementation strategy for achieving goals
 Smart City Master Plan (1/4)
+Every city has pockets of underused and underutilized land or distressed
and decaying urban areas. They are usually the results of changes from
urban growth and productivity patterns.

+To tackle the issues of urban problems, cities around the world have
designed complex processes of urban regeneration. To help identify the
sequence of actions needed for a regeneration process, there can be 4
distinct phases: scoping, planning, financing, implementation.

+The Master plan will be the sub-step of ‘planning’.

 Smart City Master Plan (2/4)
+Scoping is a process, which provides decision makers with a strategic
assessment to identify and promote regeneration. Scoping provides an
analytical foundation and engagement process that the city leaders can
use to generate choices and to debate and decide on the best course of
action.

+Planning establishes the long-term vision and context. It is vital to

sustaining the regeneration vision through the inevitable changes and
unforeseen challenges of market and political cycles.
 Contd.,

+Cities deploy a combination of internal and external funding sources,

policy and regulatory tools, and strategic partnerships with the private
sector, among other strategies for financing their urban regeneration
vision.

+Implementation phase entails translating the vision for long-term

change into the financial, contractual and institutional relationship
between the public and private sectors.
 Master Plan establishment process from ITU-
T(1/5)
+The ITU-T(International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication
Standardization Sector)’s Focus Group on Smart Sustainable Cities developed
a Master Plan planning process, which includes four inter-connected phases.

+Phase I is ‘setting the basis for a smart sustainable city’. This baseline will
provide valuable information about the strengths and weaknesses of a city.
This information allows the design of specific projects, aimed at improving the
weaker aspects of the city.
 Contd.,

+Phase II is ‘strategic planning’. This will include governance, leadership

and citizen engagement, which is required to move vision forward in
short, medium and long term.
+Phase III is ‘action plan’. This will be followed by the planning and
development strategy, to conduct specific action plans of the city.
+ Phase IV is ‘management plan’. This will define the city governance and
aims at setting the monitoring dashboard to evaluate city performance in
the future.
Master Plan establishment process from ITU-T
(2/5)
+The identification of city purposes/priorities of action, governance and
stakeholders are closely interlinked and are vital to form a robust basis
for the design of a smart city.
+At phase I, the establishment of a cross-sectorial body that can provide
continuous support to city council officials and decision makers that
could contribute to create a coherent design and implementation of
smart city.
The key stakeholders for smart city planning are
municipalities,
national and regional governments,
city service companies,
utility providers such as smart grid or smart water management,
ICT companies such as telecom operators, start-ups, software companies,
 NGOs,
Industry associations,
Academia/research institute,
Citizens and citizen organizations,
urban planners,

 Master Plan establishment process from ITU-T
(3/5)
+At phase 2 of Strategic Planning, it is needed to identify a vision that is lined with the
city’s identity, political priorities and long-term development strategy.

+Also, it identifies mechanisms for multi-stakeholder involvement, citizen

management, communication and information sharing.

+In this phase, it is crucial to understand the city as an ecosystem. This ecosystem
should be created by entities which are involved in the process of development of
smart city’s strategies, including universities, research centers, companies, and public
agencies.
Master Plan establishment process from ITU-T
(4/5)
+In Phase III, the local government works in close collaboration with various
stakeholders to design a comprehensive plan for smart city implementation.

+This phase involves smart city services, Key Performance Indicators(KPIs),

architecture, infrastructure and platform, data security, and cost benefit analysis.

+A clearly established Action plan will be the guide for development, including
specific actions and strategies.
 Contd.,

+This phase defines KPIs with the aim to provide criteria to evaluate
existing cities and can be categorized such as ICT, environmental
sustainability, productivity, quality of life, equity and social inclusion, and
physical infrastructure.

+ICT infrastructure constitutes a critical component of a city’s

transformation into a smart city, and gives a massive expected amount of
investments.
+ In this sense, it is of extreme importance to conduct cost benefit
analysis to analyze the feasibility of deployment of its infrastructure.
Master Plan establishment process from ITU-T (5/5)
+In this Management plan, includes the definition of ‘city governance’ and
the setting of the ‘Monitoring Dashboards’ to evaluate city performance in
the future.

+It involves close coordination and collaboration among stakeholders, as well

as the implementation of KPIs.

+This phase is also focused on the evaluation, reporting and learning from
the planning process and its related experiences. The results must be
registered, measured and analyzed in order to identify the improvements
Bristol Smart City Master Plan (1/6)
+Bristol is a city and the 8th-largest in the UK.

+Bristol has edged ahead to take the top position amongst the UK
smart cities.

+Bristol has made significant strides in extending its innovation

programs and in has integrated those initiatives into city operations.
Bristol Smart City Master Plan (2/6)
+Bristol’s master plan initially starts with top-down and bottom-up analysis.

+After a conformance verification, priority themes are derived, and a master

plan is drawn accordingly.

+In this regard, Bristol came up with six priority themes and has established a

master plan by 2050.

 Bristol Smart City Master Plan (3/6)
+ First, a top-down analysis is conducted to relocate existing and planned
strategies in line with the local, regional, national and international goals. In
addition, the United Nations(UN)’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals(SDG)
are reviewed to comply with the international goals.

+Then, a bottom-up analysis is conducted to analyze and discover urban

problems based on city data. Through this analysis, it was possible to identify
problems and derive priority themes by analyzing major problems in the city.
+The short titles of the 17 SDGs are:
+No poverty (SDG 1),
+Zero hunger (SDG 2),
+Good health and well-being (SDG 3),
+Quality education (SDG 4),
+Gender equality (SDG 5),
+Clean water and sanitation (SDG 6),
+Affordable and clean energy (SDG 7),
+Decent work and economic growth (SDG 8),
+Industry, innovation and infrastructure (SDG 9),
+Reduced inequalities (SDG 10),
+Sustainable cities and communities (SDG 11),
+Responsible consumption and production (SDG 12),
+Climate action (SDG 13),
+Life below water (SDG 14),
+Life on land (SDG 15),
+ Peace, justice, and strong institutions (SDG 16), and
+ Partnerships for the goals (SDG 17).
 Bristol Smart City Master Plan (4/6)
+how to implement a top-down approach based on various literatures.

+For example, ‘Housing First’ existing program is to help the homeless people with
their complex needs and mental health issues. The goal until 2020 is to revitalize
these existing programs and link them up so that they may not commit crimes. At the
UN SDGs, there are values like ‘no poverty’ and ‘good health and well-beings’.

+Through this process, Bristol could derive some key values like ‘home’, ‘health’,
‘well-being’, and so on. After a conformance verification with the bottom-up analysis,
Bristol could derive its main goals like ‘health and well-being’, ‘homes and
communities’.
Bristol Smart City Master Plan (5/6)
+how to implement a bottom-up process based on the city’s data.

+Priority themes and details of Master Plan are decided

based on data. Homeless and crime rate data analysis reflect
specific urban problems.

+Through this process, Bristol could derive some key values, such as,
‘home’, ‘safety’, ‘well-being’, ‘communities’ etc.
Bristol Smart City Master Plan (6/6)
+After a conformance verification between top-down and bottom-up
analysis, priority themes were derived.
+ Bristol got six priority themes like (1) connectivity, (2) economy, (3)
environment, (4) health and wellbeing, (5) homes and communities, (6)
learning and skills. And there are specific outcomes for each priority.

+If there are existing strategies and plans, a master plan is developed
accordingly, and if there is no existing strategies and plans, Bristol
proposes new plans and business models.
Siheung Smart City Master Plan (1/4)
+Siheung is a satellite city of Seoul and was designated as R&D
validation cities in 2018.
+used as a testbeds of living labs of smart city in Korea.
+Siheung is being transformed into the main transportation hub
connected to other key stations of the country.
+It also aims at being the next-level high-tech future city (with the R&D
new town project and Multi-techno valley), and a luxury marine
tourism city (with a global marine leisure complex, and aqua pet land).
+A large-scale project is under way, which includes (1) crowdsourcing
Urban Air Quality Measurement and Forecasting Technology, 2)
Integration of Energy Management System (xEMS) for
Home/building/Factory/public facilities, 3) Total care system for the
elderly living alone and mobility assurance system for the disabled, 4)
Open-data Hub platform based on the living lab innovation model, 5)
Smart city business model based on needs from the local community.
Siheung Smart City Master Plan (2/4)
+Siheung is underway to establish a smart city master plan by 2040. The
master plan is based on top- down and bottom-up analysis.

+At first, the master plan permitted to analyze national smart city policies and
Siheung city plan, which includes city development, operation and regeneration
components. It also reviewed the smart city’s international standards.
+The master plan helped to analyze various components of urban
competitiveness based on actual Siheung city data, citizen survey data, from
which a number of urban problems could be detected.
+Top-down and bottom-up analysis were conducted based on the
conformance verification, which are reviewed by advisory groups.
+Key values that comprise yearly planning, vision, goal were derived
from the analysis. And specific key values of planning and diagnosis
were conducted, which include legal regulation review, KPI and BM.

+Based on the derived key values, implementation planning such as

innovation center, financing issues, and governance processes are
considered.
 Siheung Smart City Master Plan (3/4)
+City analysis showed that Siheung was confronting several urban issues such as
fragmented urban spaces, and the presence of an industrial structure which is away
from the 4th industrial revolution.

+Through various city analysis, it was found that Siheung had problems related
to mobility, environment, socio-economic, safety, culture & environment.

+Through the review conducted by the advisory groups in each field, Siheung derived
a total of 10 key values including: living, mobility, environment, welfare, economy,
data, global, innovation, governance and university.
Siheung Smart City Master Plan (4/4)
+These are specific examples of the Siheung Smart City Master Plan.

+Currently, there are 8 key values, and Siheung is planning to add two
more key values, which are global and university.

+Each key value has several sub-categories, projects and action plans
that are yearly revised.
New York Smart City Master Plan (1/2)
+New York city announced the ONENYC2050 master plan. It includes 8 goals
and 30 specific initiatives.

+By 2050, New York City will no longer rely on fossil fuels and cars. By this,
the city expects to boost the economy, ensure safety and provide
opportunities, while making sure that health and child care services are
implemented.

+8 goals are democracy, economy, neighborhoods, health, education, climate,

mobility, infrastructure.
New York Smart City Master Plan (2/2)
+Each goal has 3~4 initiatives and the master plan has a total
of 30 initiatives.
+Each initiative also has 1~5 sub-initiatives and specifies lead
agencies. It also has milestones that are annually completed.

+Additionally, each goal has several indicators to be

achieved. Indicators are based on latest data and have a
target to be achieved.