GENERAL

MATHEMATI
CS
MS. JELINA B.
BANIAGA
 WHAT ARE
FUNCTIONS
?
RELATIONS, FUNCTIONS,
VERTICAL TESTS, DOMAIN
AND RANGE
LESSON
OUTLINE
What are relations?

What are functions?

Presenting functions as tables and

graphs
The Vertical Line Test
LET'S
RECALL
y
12

AND
10

Do you still remember how to fill in 8

ANALYZE!
the table of values based on a
given graph?
6

Complete the table of values 2

x
below.
x
2 4 6 8 10 12

y
LET'S
ANSW
ER
KEY

RECALL
y
12

AND
10

Do you still remember how to fill in 8

ANALYZE!
the table of values based on a
given graph?
6

Complete the table of values 2

x
below.
x 2 4 6 8 8
2 4 6 8 10 12

y 2 4 6 8 10
LEARNING
OUTCOMES
By the end of the lesson, you'll be
able to:

• Express relations and

functions in tables and graphs.
• Differentiate between a
relation and a function.
• Use a vertical test.
WHAT ARE A relation is any set of ordered
pairs that represent a
RELATIONS? relationship. The first elements
are called domain, while second
one are called range.

Example:
Names and their age
are a set of ordered Name Alex Jude Arlo Casey
pairs that we could put
into a table.
Age 9 12 11 11
WHAT IS A
FUNCTION?
• A function is a special type of
relation where each input only has
one output.
• Functions are a way of connecting
input values to their corresponding
output values.
• The relation is a function if, for
every x-value, there is exactly one
y-value.
 WHAT IS A
Functions areFUNCTION?
a way of connecting input
values to their corresponding output
values.
Example:
Ordering a coffee for 15php

Pay 15php, and you get 1 coffee.

Pay 30php, and you'll get 2 coffees, and
so on.
The input affects the output in a predictable
way.
GRAPHING A
FUNCTION USING
Step 2:
Plot the points.

THE TABLE y = 2x.OF

y
Given the equation 4

VALUES Step 1:
3

2
Construct the table of values.
1
Do this by substituting values of x to y=2x. x -
0 1 2
1
-
1
x -1 0 1 2
-2

y -2 0 2 4

Notice that for every value of x, there is only one

value of y.
 TRY THIS!
Is this relation or a function?

x -6 -3 2 7 9 9 10

y -18 -16 -15 -2 -4 11 -9

State the domain and range.

 TRY THIS!
Is this relation or a function?

DOMAIN
x -6 -3 2 7 9 9 10

y -18 -16 -15 -2 -4 11 -9

RANGE
This is not a function because the
ANSWER: x-value, 9, corresponds to two
different y-values, -4 and 11.
 TRY THIS!
Is this relation or a function?

x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

y -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7

State the domain and range.

 TRY THIS!
Is this relation or a function?
DOMAIN
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

y -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7

RANGE
This is a function because the x-
ANSWER: values correspond to exactly one
y-value
 TRY THIS!
Is this relation or a function?

A a
B b
C c
State the domain and range.
 TRY THIS!
Is this relation or a function?

DOMAIN RANGE
A a
B b
C c
This is a function because the x-
ANSWER: values correspond to exactly one
y-value
 TRY THIS!
Is this relation or a function?

Joana James
Dona Danny
Caryl Joshua

State the domain and

range.
 TRY THIS!
Is this relation or a function?

DOMAIN Joana James

Dona Danny
Caryl Joshua RANGE
This is not a function because the
ANSWER: x-value Joana is paired to two y-
values, James and Danny
 ACTIVITY!
Write YES if the following relations are
functions, NO if it is not. Then write the
domain and range
 ACTIVITY!
Write YES if the following relations are
functions, NO if it is not. Then write the
domain and range
 ACTIVITY!
Write the relations for the following graph, state the
domain and range then write YES if it is a function, NO if
not.
VERTICAL
LINE TEST 5

2
Use the vertical line test to 1

check whether a graph of a -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5

relation is a function.
-
1
-
2
If a vertical line, drawn -
3

anywhere on the graph, can -

4
-
touch the graph only once, 5

then it is a function.
VERTICAL
LINE TEST 5

2
Use the vertical line test to 1

check whether a graph of a -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5

relation is a function.
-
1
-
2
If a vertical line, drawn -
3

anywhere on the graph, can -

4
-
touch the graph only once, 5

then it is a function.
VERTICAL
LINE TEST 5

2
Use the vertical line test to 1

check whether a graph of a -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5

relation is a function.
-
1
-
2
If a vertical line, drawn -
3

anywhere on the graph, can -

4
-
touch the graph only once, 5

then it is a function.
VERTICAL
LINE TEST
5

If a vertical line, drawn 1

anywhere on the -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
-
1
1 2 3 4 5

graph, can touch the -

2
-

graph more than once,

3
-
4
-

then the relation is not 5

a function.
SUMMARY
A function is a special type
of relation where each input
only has one output.

Graphing a function using

the table of values
Step 1: Construct the table of values.
Step 2: Plot the points on the coordinate
plane.
 CLOSET
COLORS!
Select 10 clothing items from your
closet. Take a picture of it and create a
mapping diagram to record the colors to
each of the clothing you have. Print it
on a short bond paper to be passed on
Thursday, Aug. 29, 2024.
 CLOSET
COLORS!
EXAMPLE:

RED

BLUE

PINK This is not a function

because color blue is
paired to two clothing.