SEMINAR PRESENTATION

ON
Parallel Computing
Presented By
Name : Subham Kumar Sahoo
Registration no. : 2321326056
Under the Guidance of
Prof. DEVIKRISHNA DAS

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

Gandhi Institute for Education & Technology
Baniatangi,Bhubaneswar,khordha-752060
CONTENTS
• Parallel Computing
• History
• Importance in Modern Computing
• Types
• Architecture
• Applications
• Challenges
• Conclusion
Parallel
Computing
Exploring the foundations, types,
architectures, and applications of
parallel computing.
Definition of Parallel
Computing
Parallel computing is a type of
computation in which multiple
calculations or processes are carried out
simultaneously. It exploits the multi-core
architectures of modern processors to
improve computational speed and
efficiency. By breaking down complex
problems into smaller, concurrent tasks,
operations can be performed
simultaneously, leading to faster results.
History of Parallel
Computing
The history of parallel computing dates back to
the mid-20th century with the development of
early computers that had rudimentary parallel
capabilities. Significant advancements occurred in
the 1960s and 1970s, with the creation of multi-
processor systems. By the 1990s, parallel
computing had evolved significantly, driven by
advancements in hardware and the growing
demand for complex computations in scientific
research and engineering.
Importance in Modern
Computing
In today's computing landscape, parallel
computing is essential for handling large
datasets and complex algorithms efficiently. It
plays a crucial role in fields such as data analysis,
simulations, and real-time processing. As
applications require more computational power,
parallel computing enables technologies like
artificial intelligence, machine learning, and big
data analytics to function effectively.
02
Types
Thread-level Parallelism
Thread-level parallelism involves dividing tasks
into threads, which are lightweight processes
that can run concurrently. This approach allows
multiple operations to be performed
simultaneously on multi-core processors,
improving application performance, especially in
multi-threaded applications.
Data-level Parallelism
Data-level parallelism focuses on performing the
same operation on multiple data points
simultaneously. This approach is beneficial in
applications such as image processing, where the
same filter can be applied to all pixels in an
image at once, greatly speeding up the
processing time.
Task-level Parallelism
Task-level parallelism involves breaking a
problem into separate tasks that can be executed
in parallel. This type of parallelism is common in
resource-intensive applications, such as
simulations and modeling, where different tasks
can run independently on separate processors.
03
Architectures
Shared Memory
Architecture
Shared memory architecture allows
multiple processors to access a
common memory space. This
enables fast communication and
data sharing among processors,
making it ideal for tightly coupled
systems. It requires synchronization
mechanisms to ensure data
consistency, such as mutexes and
semaphores, to prevent data races.
Distributed Memory
Architecture
In distributed memory architecture,
each processor has its own local
memory and communicates with
others via message passing. This
approach allows systems to scale
efficiently across multiple nodes,
making it suitable for large-scale
clusters. However, it introduces
challenges in data sharing and
requires careful management of
communication protocols.
Hybrid Architectures
Hybrid architectures combine both
shared and distributed memory
approaches to leverage the
advantages of each. For instance,
within a node, processors may share
memory, while across nodes, they
adopt message passing. This flexibility
allows for optimized performance and
resource utilization in complex
computing environments.
04
Applications
Scientific Simulations
Parallel computing is extensively used
in scientific simulations to model
complex physical phenomena, such as
climate modeling, fluid dynamics, and
molecular simulations. By distributing
tasks across multiple processors, these
simulations can achieve higher
accuracy and faster results, enabling
researchers to conduct experiments
that were previously impossible.
Image and Signal
Processing
In image and signal processing,
parallel computing is utilized to
enhance processing speeds for tasks
such as real-time video rendering,
filtering, and feature extraction.
Techniques like parallel pixel
processing allow for significant
reductions in execution time,
facilitating immediate feedback for
applications like medical imaging and
video surveillance.
Machine Learning
Machine learning algorithms often
involve processing large datasets
and performing repetitive tasks.
Parallel computing accelerates the
training phase of machine learning
models by enabling simultaneous
computations across various data
slices, thus significantly reducing
time-to-accuracy in training models
for tasks like image recognition and
natural language processing.
05
Challenges
 Synchronization
Issues
Synchronization is essential in parallel computing to
manage the access of multiple processors to shared
resources. However, it may lead to bottlenecks,
reduced performance, and complexity in
programming. Developers must carefully design
synchronization strategies to minimize these issues
while ensuring data integrity.
Load Balancing
Load balancing is crucial for
optimizing resource utilization in
parallel computing systems.
Inequities in workload distribution
can lead to some processors being
overwhelmed while others remain
idle. Effective load balancing
algorithms are needed to ensure
efficient execution of tasks,
maximizing the performance of the
entire system.
 Scalability Problems
Scalability refers to the ability of a parallel system to
efficiently manage increasing workloads. Challenges
arise when adding more processors leads to
diminishing returns due to communication overhead or
bottlenecks. Designing scalable parallel algorithms and
architectures is essential for accommodating growth in
data size and processing demands.
Conclusions
In conclusion, parallel computing is a
powerful paradigm that enables
significant performance gains across
various applications. Understanding its
architectures, types, and the challenges
involved is crucial for leveraging its full
potential in scientific research, data
processing, and machine learning. As
technology evolves, addressing
synchronization, load balancing, and
scalability will be key to future
advancements in parallel computing.
Do you have any
questions?
Thank
you!