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    1-Intro Database Systems

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    Atinder Batth
    The document provides an introduction to database systems, including their key components and functions. It discusses how a database is a shared collection of logically related data designed to meet an organization's information needs. It also describes the typical components of a database system, including the database itself, database management system software, hardware for storage, and users. The document then goes on to explain concepts such as data integration and sharing, data independence, database administration, applications, advantages and disadvantages of databases.

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    1-Intro Database Systems

    Uploaded by

    Atinder Batth
    39 views24 pages
    The document provides an introduction to database systems, including their key components and functions. It discusses how a database is a shared collection of logically related data designed to meet an organization's information needs. It also describes the typical components of a database system, including the database itself, database management system software, hardware for storage, and users. The document then goes on to explain concepts such as data integration and sharing, data independence, database administration, applications, advantages and disadvantages of databases.

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    The document provides an introduction to database systems, including their key components and functions. It discusses how a database is a shared collection of logically related data designed to meet an organization's information needs. It also describes the typical components of a database system, including the database itself, database management system software, hardware for storage, and users. The document then goes on to explain concepts such as data integration and sharing, data independence, database administration, applications, advantages and disadvantages of databases.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    39 views24 pages

    1-Intro Database Systems

    Uploaded by

    Atinder Batth
    The document provides an introduction to database systems, including their key components and functions. It discusses how a database is a shared collection of logically related data designed to meet an organization's information needs. It also describes the typical components of a database system, including the database itself, database management system software, hardware for storage, and users. The document then goes on to explain concepts such as data integration and sharing, data independence, database administration, applications, advantages and disadvantages of databases.

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Introduction to Database Systems

    Database and Database System


    A database is a shared collection of
    logically related data designed to meet the information needs of an organization. Database
    Hardware

    Components of a Database Systems

    Software - DBMS
    Users
    2

    Database
    The data in the database will be
    expected to be both integrated and shared particularly on multi-user systems thought of as a unification of several otherwise distinct files, with any redundancy among these files eliminated
    database may be shared among several different users

    Integration - The database may be

    Shared - individual pieces of data in the

    Hardware
    These are secondary storage on which the
    database physically resides, together with the associated I/O devices, device controllers etc.

    DBMS
    Examples of DBMS Products
    Oracle Informix Access DB2 Fox pro dBase SQL Server My SQL

    Typical Function of DBMS



    Data storage, retrieval and update A user-accessible catalog Transaction support Concurrency and control services Recovery services Authorization services Support of data communication Integrity Services Services to promote data independence Utility services
    6

    Users
    Application Programmer - writes
    programs that use the database Database Designers - designs conceptual and logical database Database Administrator (DBA) Data Administrator End - user - interacts with the system from an on-line terminal by using Query Languages etc.
    7

    Data & Database Administration


    Data Administrator a business manager
    responsible for controlling the overall corporate data resources Database Administrator (DBA) - a technical person responsible for development of the total system

    Sample Applications

    Student Records Banking Insurance Billing Systems e.g. Electricity, Phone ISPs Personnel Records Accounting Systems Reservation Systems e.g. Airline, Hotel Medical Records
    9

    Advantages
    Control of data redundancy Data consistency Multipurpose use of data Sharing of data, Enforcement of standards Economy of scale Balance conflicting user requirement Improved data accessibility and responsiveness Increased productivity Improved maintenance through data independence Increased concurrency Improved backup and recovery services.

    10

    Disadvantages
    Complexity Size Cost of DBMS Additional hardware costs Cost of conversion

    11

    Database Architecture
    External Level concerned with the way
    users perceive the database

    Conceptual Level concerned with

    abstract representation of the database in its entirety

    Internal Level concerned with the way


    data is actually stored

    12

    Architecture of Db System
    External Level

    Application 1

    Application 2

    Application 3
    Logical Data Independence

    Conceptual Level

    DBMS
    Physical Data Independence

    Internal Level

    Database
    13

    Data Independence
    Logical Data Independence users and user
    programs are independent of logical structure of the database Physical Data Independence the separation of structural information about the data from the programs that manipulate and use the data i.e. the immunity of application programs to changes in the storage structure and access strategy

    14

    Data Independence
    Different applications will need different views of
    the same data, so that if they are not interested in a part of the database, that part need not be included in their view. This feature is also important for controlling access to parts of database The DBA must have the freedom to change the storage structure or access strategy in response to changing requirements, without having to modify the existing applications

    15

    Db Development Life Cycle



    Database planning System definition Requirement collection and analysis Database design DBMS selection Application design Prototyping Implementation Data conversion and loading Testing Operational maintenance
    16

    Database Design
    Conceptual database design - the process of

    constructing a model of the information used in an organization, independent of all physical considerations
    Step 1 Build local conceptual data model for each user view

    17

    Database Design
    Logical database design for the relational

    model - the process of constructing a model of the info used in an organization based on a specific data model, but independent of a particular DBMS and other physical considerations Step 2 Build and validate local data model for each user view Step 3 Build and validate global logical data model

    18

    Database Design
    Physical database design for relational
    databases - the process of producing a description of the implementation of the database on secondary storage.

    Step 4 Translate global data model for target DBMS Step 5 Design physical representation Step 6 Design security mechanisms Step 7 Monitor and tune the operational system
    19

    Conceptual Database Design


    Step 1 Build local conceptual data model for each user view
    Identify entity types Identify relationship types Identify and associate attributes with entity or

    relationship Determine attributes domains Determine candidate and primary key attributes Specialize/generalize entity types (optional step) Draw Entity-Relationship diagram Review local conceptual data model with user
    20

    Logical Database Design for the Relational Model


    Step 2 Build and validate local data model for each user view Map local conceptual data model to local logical data model Derive relations from local logical data model Validate model using normalization Validate model against user transactions Draw Entity-Relationship diagram Define integrity constraints Review local logical data model with user
    21

    Logical Database Design for the Relational Model


    Step 3 Build and validate global logical data model Merge local logical data models into global model Validate global data model Check for future growth Draw final Entity-Relationship diagram Review global logical data model with users

    22

    Physical Database Design for Relational Databases


    Step 4 Translate global data model for target DBMS Design base relations Design enterprise constraints for target DBMS

    Step 5 Design physical representation Analyze transactions Choose file organizations Choose secondary indexes Consider the introduction of controlled redundancy Estimate disk space requirements
    23

    Physical Database Design for Relational Databases


    Step 6 Design security mechanisms
    Design user views
    Design access rules

    Step 7 Monitor and tune the operational system

    24

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