Understanding

Data Types in
Programming
Essential Concepts for Placements
 • Understand the concept of
data types in programming.
• Learn about basic and
advanced data types.
Content • Explore the differences
between static and dynamic
typing.
• Apply knowledge in solving
placement-related coding
questions.
 Data types define the kind
of data a variable can hold
Definition
in a programming
language.
 Memory allocation
Purpose Operations allowed
Error prevention
  Primitive Data Types: Basic
building blocks (e.g., int, char).
 Derived Data Types:
Categories
Constructed from primitive types
of Data (e.g., arrays, pointers).
Types
 Abstract Data Types (ADTs):
Data types defined by behavior
(e.g., stacks, queues).
  Memory optimization and error
prevention.
 Example 1: Correct usage of data
types.
Why Data int age = 25;
Types float salary = 55000.75;
Matter char grade = 'A';
printf("Age: %d, Salary: %.2f, Grade: %c",
(Examples) age, salary, grade);
 Example 2: Error due to incorrect
data type.
int price = "100"; // Incorrect data type
  Integer: Holds whole numbers
(e.g., int in C, int in Python).
 Floating Point: For decimal
Primitive numbers (e.g., float, double).
Data Types  Character: Holds a single
character (e.g., char).
 Boolean: True or False values
(bool).
  Use integers in a program to calculate
the sum of two numbers.
#include <stdio.h>
Integer int main() {
Data Type int num1 = 10, num2 = 20;
(Examples) int sum = num1 + num2;
printf("Sum = %d", sum);
return 0;
}
 import sys
print("Max Integer:", sys.maxsize)
print("Min Integer:", -sys.maxsize - 1)
Demonstrat
e limits of
an integer
  Example: Calculate the area of a
circle.
#include <stdio.h>
Floating- int main() {
Point Data float radius = 7.5;
Type float area = 3.14159 * radius *
(Examples) radius;
printf("Area = %.2f", area);
return 0;
}
Demonstrat
e precision Python Code
limits of print(0.1 + 0.2 == 0.3) # False due to floating-point
precision
floating-
point
  Example: Accept and print a
character
Character #include <stdio.h>
int main() {
and
char letter;
Boolean printf("Enter a character: ");
Data Types scanf("%c", &letter);
(Examples) printf("You entered: %c", letter);
return 0;
}
 #include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
Example: bool isAdult = true;
Boolean if (isAdult)
operations printf("You are an adult.");
return 0;
}
  Static Typing Example (C++):
int a = 10;
Static vs. a = "Hello"; // Compilation error
Dynamic  Dynamic Typing Example
Typing (Python):
(Examples) a = 10
a = "Hello" # No error
print(a)
  Strings: Sequence of characters
(e.g., "Hello").
 Arrays: Collection of elements of
Advanced the same type.
Data Types  Structures: User-defined types
combining multiple fields.
 Enumerations: Set of named
integral constants (enum).
  Static Typing: Variable
types are known at compile
Static vs. time (e.g., C, Java).
Dynamic  Dynamic Typing: Variable
Typing types are known at runtime
(e.g., Python, JavaScript).
 # Dynamic Typing (Python)
x=5
x = "Hello"
Example
// Static Typing (C++)
int x = 5;
x = "Hello"; // Error
  Table showing memory size and range for data types
(e.g., for C):
Data Type Size (bytes) Range

int 4 -2,147,483,648 to
2,147,483,647
Memory char 1 -128 to 127
Size and
float 4 ±3.4E–38 to
Limits ±3.4E+38

 Note: Sizes vary by language/platform.

  Implicit Conversion: Done
automatically by the compiler.
 Explicit Conversion (Casting):
Type Done manually by the programmer.
Conversion  Example
int x = 10;
float y = x; // Implicit conversion
float z = (float)x; // Explicit conversion
  Example: Implicit Type Conversion
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int num = 10;
float fnum = num; // Implicit conversion
printf("Float value: %.2f", fnum);
Type }
return 0;

Conversion  Example: Explicit Type Conversion (Casting).

(Examples) #include <stdio.h>
int main() {
float num = 10.5;
int intNum = (int)num; // Explicit conversion
printf("Integer value: %d", intNum);
return 0;
}
  Examples:
 List: Ordered collection of
elements.
 Stack: LIFO structure (e.g.,
Abstract undo operations).
Data Types  Queue: FIFO structure (e.g.,
(ADTs) printer queue).
 Importance: Used in
algorithms and real-world
problem-solving.
  Example: Reverse a string
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
Strings char str[100];
(Examples) printf("Enter a string: ");
scanf("%s", str);
printf("Reversed: %s", strrev(str));
return 0;
}
  Example: Find the largest number in
an array
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int arr[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
Arrays int max = arr[0];
(Examples) for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++) {
if (arr[i] > max) max = arr[i];
}
printf("Largest number: %d", max);
return 0;
}
  Example: Define and use a structure
#include <stdio.h>
struct Student {
int id;
char name[50];
Structures };
float marks;

(Examples) int main() {

struct Student s1 = {1, "Alice", 95.5};
printf("ID: %d, Name: %s, Marks: %.2f", s1.id,
s1.name, s1.marks);
return 0;
}
  Type mismatch errors.
Common  Overflow and underflow
Errors issues.
Related to  Uninitialized variables.
Data Types  Examples and how to debug
these errors.
  Write a program to swap two
numbers without using a third
Coding variable.
Practice  Check if a given string is a
Questions palindrome.
 Use arrays to find the second
largest number in a list.
  Example: Swap two numbers without a temporary
variable.
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
Practice int a = 10, b = 20;
Questions a = a + b;
b = a - b;
(Examples) a = a - b;
printf("a = %d, b = %d", a, b);
return 0;
}
 Swap two numbers
without a temporary Count vowels in a
variable string
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int main() { char str[100];

Practice int a = 10, b = 20; int count = 0;

printf("Enter a string: ");

Questions a = a + b; scanf("%s", str);

for (int i = 0; str[i] != '\0'; i++) {
(Examples) b = a - b;
if (str[i] == 'a' || str[i] == 'e' ||
str[i] == 'i' || str[i] == 'o' || str[i] ==
a = a - b; 'u')

printf("a = %d, b = count++;

%d", a, b); }
printf("Number of vowels: %d",
return 0; count);
return 0;
} }
  Data types in game development
(e.g., float for physics simulations).
Real-World  Use in web development (e.g., JSON
Applications data types).
 Role in machine learning models (e.g.,
tensor data types).
  Reviewed basic and advanced
data types.
 Discussed memory allocation
Summary
and type conversion.
 Solved practice questions for
placements.
Q&A  "Any questions or doubts?"
Assignment
s