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    Overview of Wireless Standards, Organizations, and Fundamentals

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    This document provides an overview of wireless networking standards, organizations, and communications fundamentals. It discusses the roles of the FCC, IEEE, and Wi-Fi Alliance in regulating and standardizing wireless LAN technologies. It also covers basic concepts of wireless network design including the core, distribution, and access layers, as well as fundamentals of radio frequency including wavelength, frequency, amplitude, modulation techniques like ASK, FSK, and PSK.

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    Overview of Wireless Standards, Organizations, and Fundamentals

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    89 views35 pages
    This document provides an overview of wireless networking standards, organizations, and communications fundamentals. It discusses the roles of the FCC, IEEE, and Wi-Fi Alliance in regulating and standardizing wireless LAN technologies. It also covers basic concepts of wireless network design including the core, distribution, and access layers, as well as fundamentals of radio frequency including wavelength, frequency, amplitude, modulation techniques like ASK, FSK, and PSK.

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    CWNA Chapter1

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    This document provides an overview of wireless networking standards, organizations, and communications fundamentals. It discusses the roles of the FCC, IEEE, and Wi-Fi Alliance in regulating and standardizing wireless LAN technologies. It also covers basic concepts of wireless network design including the core, distribution, and access layers, as well as fundamentals of radio frequency including wavelength, frequency, amplitude, modulation techniques like ASK, FSK, and PSK.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    89 views35 pages

    Overview of Wireless Standards, Organizations, and Fundamentals

    Uploaded by

    정다운
    This document provides an overview of wireless networking standards, organizations, and communications fundamentals. It discusses the roles of the FCC, IEEE, and Wi-Fi Alliance in regulating and standardizing wireless LAN technologies. It also covers basic concepts of wireless network design including the core, distribution, and access layers, as well as fundamentals of radio frequency including wavelength, frequency, amplitude, modulation techniques like ASK, FSK, and PSK.

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    You are on page 1of 35

    Chapter 1

    Overview of Wireless Standards, Organizations, and Fundamentals

    Exam Essentials
    Know the three industry organizations
    Understand the roles and responsibilities of the regulatory domain authorities, the IEE, and the Wi-Fi Alliance.

    Understand Core, Distribution and Access


    Know where 802.11 technology is deployed in fundamental network design

    Understand wavelength, frequency, amplitude, and phase


    Know the definitions of each RF characteristics

    Understand the concepts of modulation


    ASK, FSK, PSK are three carrier signal modulation techniques

    History of WLAN
    Trace back to 19th century scientists
    Radio Frequency

    WWII
    Tramsitting encrypted plans over RF

    Spread Spectrum Technology created 1970s-Aloha Net 1990s-Early commercial development


    Pg 2

    Standards Organizations
    FCC IEEE Wi-Fi Alliance ISO

    Pg 3

    FCC
    Regulates Communication in the US Regulate Licensed and Unlicensed
    Wireless LAN mostly in unlicensed

    Regulates:
    Frequency Bandwidth Maximum Power of the intentional Radiator Maximum equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) Use (indoor and/or outdoor)
    Pg 3

    FCC
    Regulates Communication in the US Regulate Licensed and Unlicensed
    Wireless LAN mostly in unlicensed

    Regulates:
    Frequency Bandwidth Maximum Power of the intentional Radiator Maximum equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) Use (indoor and/or outdoor)
    Pg 3

    Manage RF for USA 802.11 wireless can use both licensed and unlicensed frequencies Unlicensed means no cost to users
    2.4 Ghz industrial, scientific and Medical (ISM) 5 Ghz Unlicensed National Inforamtion Infrastructure (UNII) band
    Pg 5

    Federal Communications Commission

    ITU-R
    Manages global spectrum of RF

    Pg 6

    IEEE
    Defines the 802 series standards
    802.3 Ethernet 802.11 Wireless

    Document the technical and equipment basics


    Can be different interpretations

    Pg 7

    Wi-Fi Alliance
    Starting with 802.11b manufacturers formed WECA
    Promote technology Support interoperability

    In 2000, WECA became WiFi Alliance

    Pg 8

    Interoperability Certifications
    Addressed the issue of standards Help growth and progression Allow interoperability

    Pg 8

    Created due to weak security in initial standards Interim solution before 802.11i
    Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) Passphrase 802.1X/EAP

    Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) Certification Overview

    Two Modes
    Personal
    Home Office

    Enterprise
    Larger Deployment (Servers)
    Pg 8

    Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA 2.0) Certification Overview


    Post 802.11i
    WPA 2.0

    Personal and Enterprise More advanced security


    Personal mode security uses a passphrase
    Generates a 256 bit preshared key

    Enterprise mode uses 802.1X/EAP


    Port based authentication designed for enterprises Strong security and external authentication
    Pg 8

    Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA 2.0) Certification Overview


    WiFi Alliance Security Mechanism Authentication Mechanism Cipher Suite/Encryption Mechanism

    WPA-Personal
    WPA_Enterprise WPA2.0 Personal

    Passphrase
    802.1x/EAP Passphrase 802.1x/EAP

    TKIP/RC4
    TKIP/RC4 CCM/AES or TKIP/RC4 CCM/AES or TKIP/RC4

    Pg 8

    Proactive certification for 802.1e

    Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM) Certification Overview

    Address QOS for wireless networks

    WMM Validates the features of 802.11e


    Vendor neutral QOS approach Ciritical for interoperability

    Pg 8

    Wi-Fi Multimedia Power Save (WMM-PS) Certification Overview


    Designed for Mobile devices with battery issues
    VoIP Phones Notebooks PDAs Headsets Mice Keyboards

    Allow dozing to save battery May affect performance


    Pg 8

    Designed for simple set up of wireless for SOHO networks Requires support for two types of authentication
    Push Button Config (PBC) PIN based config

    Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) Certification Overview

    Enables automatic configuration of network names and WPA2 security Both methods need to be supported Near Field Communications also supported
    Pg 8

    ISO
    Identifies standards for business, government and society Created the OSI model for computers networking
    Not implemented, but often referenced

    Should understand the layers

    Pg 11

    OSI Model
    Layer 7- Application Layer 6-Presentation Layer 5- Session Layer 4- Transport Layer 3-Network Layer 2-Data Link
    LLC MAC

    Layer 1-Physical

    Please Do Not Throw Sausage Pizza Away All People Seem To Need Data Processing
    Pg 11

    Core, Distribution, Access


    Core
    No routing-High Speed Switching Redundant Solutions

    Distribution
    Router Traffic between LANS/VLANS Wireless Bridges can operate here

    Access
    Slower delivery to end user devices To the desktop 802.11 Mostly implemented at access layer
    Access points
    Pg 12

    Communications Fundamentals
    Most people have a basic idea about transfer of data This section gives more background on fundamental communications for wireless

    Pg 14

    Carrier Signals
    Need to be able to transmit two states:
    1 or 0

    AC or DC alone wont do it, need to alternate or modulate The base signal that is modified is called the Carrier Signal The method of adjusting it is the modulation technique
    Pg 13

    Amplitude and Wavelength

    Pg 14

    Key wave terms


    Amplitude is a measure of the height of a wave. The higher the amplitude, the higher the power. Wavelength is the measure of the length between peaks. Frequency is how often the peaks come in a period of time, usually measured in Hertz (times per second). Phase is usually used to refer to the relationship between two waveforms of the same frequency. Phase is measured in degrees.
    Pg 15

    Amplitude and Wavelength

    Pg 15

    Phase

    Pg 15

    Keying Methods
    Signal transmitted from the transceiver has to be manipulated to let receiver distinguish between 1 and 0
    This is the keying method Also known as modulation techniques

    Amplitude Shift Keying Frequency Shift Keying Phase Shift Keying


    Pg 16

    Current State Keying


    Uses the current (in time) value to show a 1 or 0 Whatever the current state is is the binary 0
    Other state is 1

    Pg 16

    State Transition Keying


    The change, or lack of change will signify a 0 or 1 0 is a change in state 1 is no change in state of signal

    Pg 16

    Amplitude-Shift Keying
    Uses the height, or amplitude of the wave to signal change. Current state technique
    A shift indicates a change from current signal

    Pg 17

    Frequency-Shift Keying
    Uses the frequency, or number of cycles per second to indicate change. Current state technique
    A shift indicates a change from current signal

    Used in legacy (older) 802.11 technologies

    Pg 17

    Phase-Shift Keying
    Varies the phase of a signal to represent data State Transition technique

    Pg 17

    Phase-Shift Keying-Advanced
    Can encode multiple bits per symbol as well
    Use four different phases
    Multiple Phase shift Keying

    Pg 17

    Exam Essentials
    Know the three industry organizations
    Understand the roles and responsibilities of the regulatory domain authorities, the IEE, and the Wi-Fi Alliance.

    Understand Core, Distribution and Access


    Know where 802.11 technology is deployed in fundamental network design

    Understand wavelength, frequency, amplitude, and phase


    Know the definitions of each RF characteristics

    Understand the concepts of modulation


    ASK, FSK, PSK are three carrier signal modulation techniques
    Pg 21

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