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    LFR

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    dev143143
    This document discusses the line following robot (LFR). It defines a robot as a machine that performs tasks done by human labor. The LFR is designed to follow a dark line on a lighter surface using sensors. It must be able to navigate various turns in the line and continue following if the line is broken. The LFR uses IR or LDR sensors along with a motor controller and microcontroller to detect the line and power the motors to move along it. Future improvements could include obstacle detection and position tracking to make the LFR more autonomous.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    LFR

    Uploaded by

    dev143143
    123 views29 pages
    This document discusses the line following robot (LFR). It defines a robot as a machine that performs tasks done by human labor. The LFR is designed to follow a dark line on a lighter surface using sensors. It must be able to navigate various turns in the line and continue following if the line is broken. The LFR uses IR or LDR sensors along with a motor controller and microcontroller to detect the line and power the motors to move along it. Future improvements could include obstacle detection and position tracking to make the LFR more autonomous.

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    This document discusses the line following robot (LFR). It defines a robot as a machine that performs tasks done by human labor. The LFR is designed to follow a dark line on a lighter surface using sensors. It must be able to navigate various turns in the line and continue following if the line is broken. The LFR uses IR or LDR sensors along with a motor controller and microcontroller to detect the line and power the motors to move along it. Future improvements could include obstacle detection and position tracking to make the LFR more autonomous.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    123 views29 pages

    LFR

    Uploaded by

    dev143143
    This document discusses the line following robot (LFR). It defines a robot as a machine that performs tasks done by human labor. The LFR is designed to follow a dark line on a lighter surface using sensors. It must be able to navigate various turns in the line and continue following if the line is broken. The LFR uses IR or LDR sensors along with a motor controller and microcontroller to detect the line and power the motors to move along it. Future improvements could include obstacle detection and position tracking to make the LFR more autonomous.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 29

    What is a robot?

    Robots are machines which do a task which would

    otherwise be done by human labor. Robots may or may not possesses intelligence.

    TYPES OF ROBOT

    Manual

    Autonomous

    THE LINE FOLLOWING ROBOT (LFR)

    REQUIREMENT OF THE LFR


    The robot must be capable of following a line. It should be capable of taking various degrees of turns It must be prepared of a situation that it runs into a

    territory which has no line to follow. (Barren land syndrome) The robot must also be capable of following a line even if it has breaks. The robot must be insensitive to environmental factors such as lighting and noise. It must allow calibration of the lines darkness threshold. Scalability must be a primary concern in the design. The color of the line must not be a factor as long as it is darker than the surroundings.

    IR SENSOR
    The resistance of the sensor decreases when IR light falls on it. A good sensor will have near zero resistance in presence of light and a very large resistance in absence of light.

    LDR SENSOR
    It is better than and give exact output at the problem of light also its circuit is same as IR sensor.

    MOTOR CONTROL

    L239D

    MICRO CONTROLLER (ATMEGA16)


    RISC ARCHETECTURE 1 WORD INSTRUCTION LENGTH 4 PORTS (A, B ,C & D) 1 MB DATA RAM & 512 BYTES OF EEPROM DATA MEMORY CLOCK FREQENCY 16 MHZ Power saving SLEEP mode A/D CONVERTOR

    PIN DIAGRAM

    THE SCHEMATIC

    HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

    THE POWER SUPPLY

    MOTORS

    SENSOR ARRAY

    MINIMUM DISTANCE BETWEEN SENSORS IS 1cm

    PROCESSES INVOLVED

    SOFTWARE & RECUIRMENT


    AVR studio SINAPROG Programmer Programming kit

    STATE TABLE
    IN1 1 0 1 IN2 0 1 0 IN3 1 0 0 IN4 0 1 1 OPERATION BOTH MOTORS FORWARD (MOVE FORWARD) BOTH MOTORS BACKWARD (MOVE BACKWARD) RIGHT MOTOR BACKWARD LEFT MOTOR FORWARD (TURN RIGHT) RIGHT MOTOR FORWARD LEFT MOTOR BACKWARD (TURN LEFT)

    APPLICATIONS
    Industrial automated equipment carriers
    Automated cars. Tour guides in museums and other similar

    applications. Second wave robotic reconnaissance operations.

    Choice of line is made in the hardware abstraction

    LIMITATIONS

    and cannot be changed by software. Calibration is difficult, and it is not easy to set a perfect value. The steering mechanism is not easily implemented in huge vehicles and impossible for non-electric vehicles (petrol powered). Few curves are not made efficiently, and must be avoided.

    LIMITATIONS
    Lack of a four wheel drive, makes it not suitable for a

    rough terrain. Use of IR even though solves a lot of problems pertaining to interference, makes it hard to debug a faulty sensor. Lack of speed control makes the robot unstable at times.

    FUTURE SCOPE
    Software control of the line type (dark or light) to

    make automatic detection possible. Obstacle detecting sensors to avoid physical obstacles and continue on the line. Distance sensing and position logging & transmission.

    REFFERENCE
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LIne_Follower_robot
    http://www.alldatasheet.com/datasheet-

    pdf/pdf/78532/ATMEL/ATMEGA16.html http://www.ikalogic.com/line-tracking-sensors-andalgorithms/

    THANK YOU

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